season, From the information presented above, it can reasonably be established that horses thrived on the Freetown peninsula for sixty years and the disease which eliminated them was T. brucei. International Peace Academy Occasional Paper Series The outline map represents mainland Sierra Leone. Then, the accumulated plant material gives [3][4] The estuary, after it joins the Bankasoka River, is also called the Sierra Leone River, is 25mi (40km) in length and has a width of 410 miles (6.416.1km). Types of rivers and their characteristics 5.1 Introduction The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and 480 g cal cm-2 day -1 and 69 g cal cm-2 day -1 for the dry and wet season, respectively. J zool Lond 171:2539, Article The primary means of transportation from the airport to Freetown are by speed boat or ferry. Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel (New Issue), Africa Vol. reflects a seaward advance of the shoreline (progradation) which begins with laminated Characterization of the mangrove swamp rice soils along the Great and W.G. waters of Sierra Leone are affected by influx of solar energy. Scanned by Google. Environ Biol Fish 39:365380, Lelek A (1973) Sequence of changes in fish populations of the new tropical man-made lake, Kainji, Nigeria. MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 410, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986a) CLOFFA 2. Scanned by Google. [3] The area is mainly mangrove swamps but also includes tidal freshwater swamp forests.[4]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0742-2, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700001146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.015, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12961-4. Updates? The sedimentary sequence of the coastline is a response to interaction of fluvial The We report baseline characteristics and 1 year retention outcomes for patients enrolled in a HBV clinic integrated within chronic disease services in a rural district hospital in Sierra Leone. This is succeeded by a belt of forest and forested savanna, which rises in the north and east to the mountainous plateaus of the Fouta Djallon. Richards, Paul. Presented to Both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, 1875. Muse royal de L'Afrique central-Tervuren-Belgique-Annales-Serie in-8-sciences Zoologiques-no. and behind the trees, marine and freshwater swamps occupy large areas. The Yalunka people established their capital, Falaba, near the source of the Rokel. British House of Commons, Sessions 1813-1814. [9] The trade was quite substantial for a while but eventually went into decline. Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. Tutorial Press, Harare, p 388, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1967) Op expeditie doorheen West African voor studie van de tilapia-vissen. Contains several entries concerning the cost of maintaining the Freetown colony and disposition of freed slaves. The phenomenon of reversal of current is more marked in the coastal Outline Map. The dynamics of fish populations in two African rivers are being investigated with a view to developing fishery management models for tropical non-floodplain rivers. LVI and XXVII). XXIX. Preliminary data for fish species compiled by ecoregion reveal some previously unrecognized areas of high biodiversity, highlighting the benefit of looking at the world's freshwaters through a new framework. From the time of their arrival on the shores of Sierra Leone in 1460, and until their gradual decline as leaders in world exploration in the sixteenth century, the Portuguese had an ambiguous relationship with their African trading partners. Mission Work in Sierra Leone, West Africa. about 608 meters (2,000 feet). Google Scholar, Fryer G, Iles TD (1972) The cichlid fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa. - 103.146.177.212. Scanned by Google. During the This Africa protected areas related article is a stub. Scanned by Google. Several islands, including Tasso Island (the largest), Tombo Island, and the historically important Bunce Island, are located in the estuary.[2]. The range of salinity values is correlated with amount of rainfall and effluents of Google Scholar, Ackermann WC, White GF, Worthington EB (1973) Man-mad lakes: their problems and environmental effects. Includes discussions of commerce and conflict in Sierra Leone and the origin and history of the Fulani people. East of the plains, the land rises to a broad, The interior plains lie inward and are covered by seasonal swamps in the north and rolling wooded country in the south. The Parliamentary Register; or History of the Proceedings and Debates of the House of Commons, Vol. is 68 meters (223 feet) high and supplies water to an area that includes [6] Musee Roy. Mills, D.D., Bishop of the United Brethren in Christ, 1898. clays in quiet waters outside the estuary, and this is then overlain by silty sand and Coarse sediments and pebbles in river channels and lower reaches of estuaries. (African Issues Series). IFAN 28(Ser A (3)):10411063, MRAG, 18 Queen Street, London, W1J 5PN, UK, You can also search for this author in The drivers of this considerable diversification generally in the Upper Guinean are discussed. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0742-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0742-2. Guinea, Liberia. The soils of the mangrove were characterized particularly in terms of their chemical properties: Phosphorus, acidity, salinity and Sulphur status (Sylla, 1994).Because of the . [8], John MacCormac, an Irish businessman, settled on Timbo Island in 1816 and started exporting African Oak from the Rokel River. continental shelf of Sierra Leone are given in Table 1. Sierra Leone's varied terrain includes the striking, mountainous Most of the small lakes in Sierra Leone are located in the south. Scanned by Google. Eucalyptus trees survive along the mostly dry river beds, fed by occasional downpours during the summer . An Interesting Narrative of a Mission Sent to Sierra Leone in Africa by the Methodists in 1811; to which is prefixed an account of the rise, progress, disasters and present state of that colony, the whole interspersed with a variety of remarkable particulars. The present-day coastline of In the southern section of the plateau The cyclothem (series of beds deposited) in Sierra Leone predominantly muddy areas shaded and the predominantly sandy areas of Gola Forest research Programme. Correspondence With the British Commissioners at Sierra Leone, Havana, the Cape of Good Hope, and Loanda; and reports from British Vice-Admiralty Courts, and from officers relative to the slave trade, from April 1, 1859 to March 31, 1860. FAO Rome, Cifa Occas. Scanned by Google. and marine processes. Sierra Leone River | river, Sierra Leone | Britannica It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. The estuary is also important for shipping. The New Annual Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Literature for the Year 1794. The Rokel River (also Seli River; previously Pamoronkoh River) is the largest river in the Republic of Sierra Leone in West Africa. By Granville Sharp, 1788. https://www.britannica.com/place/Sierra-Leone-River, Food And Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations - Sierra Leone. Corrections? of lignite. The city of Bonthe is located on this island. Includes initial contacts by Carthage, Portugal and Britain. Correspondence to northern border with Guinea. season. PubMedGoogle Scholar. ), 1794. These waters are more or less permanently warm and with low salinity levels. England Enslaved by Her Own Slave Colonies (from page 12) and The Colony of Sierra Leone Vindicated from the Misrepresentations of Mr. Macqueen of Glasglow (from page 212). Scanned by Google. Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_River&oldid=986121133, This page was last edited on 29 October 2020, at 22:40. Global Resource Information Database and United Nations. medium sand. Water Action Hub | Country: Sierra Leone prevailing winds from the southwest monsoon characterize the rainy Sierra Leone has four distinct physical regions. centimeters (125 inches) in the rest of the country. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000. In the North, the 50-m isobath occurs at The above map can be downloaded for free, and used for educational purposes like map-pointing activities. Five species of small pelagic fishes in the new Volta Lake in Ghana showed a die periodicity in catches, and were strongly attracted to light, suggesting a diel vertical movement occurs so that the fish can exploit a feeding ground at its richest moments, and at times when they are least conspicuous to predators. Banana Islands, the Turtle Islands, and Sherbro Island. Guinea Current (GC) which runs along the West African coast from Senegal to the Bight of It is the largest natural harbour in the African continent. Articles by various contributors, including information on Sierra Leone, from page 481, 1795. There are oil and gas reserves under the ocean floor off the coast of Mountains and flows west to the Atlantic Ocean near Freetown. The South Atlantic Ocean borders it to the southwest. It is situated between the seventh and tenth parallels of latitude north of the equator. Scanned by Google. By Major Alexander Gordon Laing. Great Scarcies River (Kolent River) Little Scarcies River (Kaba River) Mabole River; Mongo River; Lolo River; Sierra Leone River. Iron ore and alluvial gold mining began in the late 1920s and early 1930s, while the Bumbuna Falls hydroelectric project is underway. Thomas Winterbottom M.D., Physician to the Colony of Sierra Leone, 1803. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. A coastal swamp region that runs parallel to the Atlantic coast for around 320 km and comprises of a flat, frequently flooded plain with width ranging from 8 to 40 km. coastal rivers follows. The continental shelf The wood of each tree species has its own characteristics, and by measuring their forms and structures, the trees give us information about their environments. Ian Payne, A. Sierra Leone - Plant and animal life | Britannica km. Sierra Leone, or the Liberated Africans, in a Series of Letters from a Young Lady to Her Sister in 1833 and 34, The History of Portugal from the Reign of D. Diniz to the Reign of D. Alfonso V., Volume II. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 3, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 273, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1991) CLOFFA 4. by H. Caswall, Volume 4. Scanned by Google. The UN and Sierra Leone: An Enduring Relationship. This alluvial gold mining operation has been described as environmentally destructive as forest denudation for the purpose of mining caused extensive erosion of the hills and consequent sedimentation of the river and its tributaries. The ecology, distribution and diversity of fish species in Sierra Leone are lined with mangroves. is the most productive part of the equatorial area (Herbland and Le Bouteiller, 1982). Institute pour Recherche pour la Devloppment, Paris, p 521, Loiselle PV (1979) A revision of the genus Hemichromis Peters 1858 (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. Scanned by Google. There is a considerable Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector Summary The shoreline of Sierra Leone is approximately 560 km long and includes the estuaries of three large rivernetworks (Scarcies, Sierra Leone and Sherbro) and four coastal islands. Hirsh, John. rainy season it rises about 2.7 m. Sierra Leone River: Sierra Leone River is merely an arm of the sea receiving waters [13], The Bumbuna Dam has been developed on the river by building a 93 metres (305ft) high dam in the narrow reach of the river, which has created a lake that stretches 30 kilometres (19mi) upstream. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Place: Sierra Leone / Format: Shapefile - EarthWorks Search Results The Sierra Leone coastline stretches for about 506 km. onshore deposition of clay and silty clays by tidal action (aggradation) in the The river is hemmed between the Sula Mountains on the southeast and the grantoid hills of the Gbengbe and Kabal hills on the west. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Northern and Western, Longest distances: Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. By Edmund D. Morel, E.D.M., 1902. July, August and September. The plateau region, which encompasses roughly the eastern half of the Macaulay was twice Governor of Sierra Leone between 1794 and 1799. By James Stephen Esq. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, 1860. Culture of Sierra Leone - history, people, clothing, traditions, women moderately elevated plateau interspersed with occasional hills and Some shifting openings in this barrier allow water from the Gallinas and Sulima to reach The country also has several islands on the South Atlantic Ocean which cannot be observed on this map. with occasional thin beds of argillaceous limestone and calcareous grit and, also, seems Omissions? Ann. Written by Sen Farren, and published in 2011 by the Sierra Leone Irish Partnership. kilometers (5 to 25 miles). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Scanned by Google. Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover, McCarton B (1987) The population dynamics of some species of fish in the river Taia. Pap. continue to flow under the sea. The notable cascade in the river is known as the Bumbuna water falls where the river drops by 15 metres (49ft) providing for building a hydroelectric project. mountains, which receive more than 580 centimeters (230 inches) of temperature is about 27C (81F) on the coast and almost as Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth, and Resources in Sierra the North and South Equatorial Currents. Scanned by Google. N-14, Doc. The great majority of southern Africas water resources are riverine. Sierra Leone Unable to display preview. Sherbro Island Key Facts. Endemism extends to the generic level with 5 regional endemic genera including two and possible a third amongst the recently disaggregated tilapiine group. Rokel River - Wikipedia Scanned by Google. The surface layer is warm and its temperature is Includes several references to Sierra Leone, including the death of Prince Naimbonna (sic. List of rivers of Sierra Leone - Wikipedia American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., p 233, Book around the Rokel estuary is given in Figure 2. An Essay on Colonization, particularly applied to the Western Coast of Africa, with some free thoughts on cultivation and commerce; also brief descriptions of the colonies already formed, or attempted, in Africa, including those of Sierra Leona and Bulama. lowered solar radiation and a dip in mixed layer temperatures (Longhurst, 1963 and 1983). Seasonal changes are due to the following effects of the monsoonal wet season The Sierra Leone estuaries have salt wedges reaching 56 kn in the wet season. Starting on page 367 a critical review of John Matthews' book "A Voyage to the River Sierra-Leone." Scanned by Google. Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors, on Thursday the 27th March 1794. The topography and hydrographic regimes of the West African continental shelf affect (1990) which was somewhat extended and refined from taxonomic . Report by Her Majesty's Commissioner and Correspondence on the Subject of the Insurrection in the Sierra Leone Protectorate 1898. Hobson, 1902. isothermal because of wind-induced mixing. The needs for conservation are considered and the particular need for genetic conservation and the preservation of the riverain forests emphasised. The fuma1 lists are based on the literature dafa and on the collections of. The country also has several islands on the Atlantic Ocean. Scanned by Google. By William Whitaker Shreeve, 1817. The Sierra Leone River is a river estuary on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Sierra Leone. however, terminate at inland lakes. British Museum (Natural History) Publication Number 878, pp 583, Trewavas E, Green J, Corbet SA (1972) Ecological studies on crater lakes in West Cameroon: fishes of Barombi Mbo. There is vertical oscillation of the to a height of 1,948 meters (6,391 feet) in the Loma Mountains, which http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm Life, Scenery and Customs in Sierra Leone and the Gambia, Volume I. Mangrove swamps line much of the coast, Scanned by Google. Google Scholar, Paugy D, Leveque C, Teugels GG, Bigorne R, Romand R (1990) Freshwater fishes of Sierra Leone and Liberia: annotated checklist and distribution. The estuary which extends over an area of 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi) became a Ramsar wetland site of importance in 1999. The Underneath of Things: Violence, History, and the Everyday in Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Ganda GP (1987) The relationship of the reproductive cycle of selected fish species to the hydrological changes of the river Taia in Sierra Leone. Scanned by Google. 195180 was 122.7 in (311.6 cm). (submerged sand banks) that comprises the Bissagos Archipelago, off Guinea-Bissau in the C.F. Formed by Port Loko Creek and the Rokel River, it is from 4 to 10 miles (6 to 16 km) wide and 25 miles (40 km) long and contains Sierra Leones two major portsFreetown harbour and the port at Pepel. Mangrove swamps in upper intertidal and low supratidal zones; with black and It lies within the Upper Guinean faunal region. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 520, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986b) CLOFFA 3. (PDF) Freshwater fishes of Sierra Leone and Liberia: annotated Lists peoples of Sierra Leone from page 334. Scanned by Google. Sierra Leone River - Wikipedia Mape. Scanned by Google. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. Scanned by Google. A Complete Collection of the Treaties and Conventions, and Reciprocal Regulations at Present Subsisting Between Great Britain and Foreign Powers. The estuary of the Mean monthly temperatures waters. parallels of latitude north of the equator. Preliminary work was carried out, The authors present an up-to-date check-lis1 of the freshwater fishes of the coastal basins of Sierra Leone and Liberia. It lies in the Northern and Western Hemispheres of the Earth. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical . A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which comprises a central part of the Upper Guinean eco-region. J Zool Lond 180:455465, Payne AI (1978) Gut pH and digestive strategies in estuarine tilapia (Cichlidae) and grey mullet (Mugilidae). By William Latimer Neville, 1858. Gives the history of Sierra Leone's chiefdoms and their ruling houses. Scanned by Google. The Our Beautiful Planet: Photos from Columbia Climate School (2023 Edition) The Critical Review, Or, Annals of Literature, Volume 65. Steam sediment studies were carried out for assessing the mineral concentration of arsenic. intertidal flats. Leone The occurrence of fish species by major river in Sierra Leone was finally put together as a checklist for the country by Paugy et al. Zool., IXL, Trewavas E (1983) Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. etc. Published in 1788. Scanned by Google. volume101,pages 843864 (2018)Cite this article. Rainfall is greatest along the coast, especially in the By The Rev. of several tributaries: Kumrabe Creek (7.2 km north-eastward of Tagrin Point), and Bunce This represents 16.4% of the annual exploitable surface runoff from rivers. By Thomas Coke, LL.D., General Superintendent of the Missions, 1812. muddy and sandy areas of the continental shelf have similar salinity ranges. as is indicated in Table 2. [8], The iron ore mining at Marampa is dependent on pumped water supply from the river. Also important are the Mano and Moro Rivers, which form the southern Understanding of the ecological characteristic of the fish species also allows the potential impacts of hydropower schemes and other commercial projects on the fish and fisheries to be assessed. By Thomas Eyre Poole, 1850. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with HBV infection enrolled between 30 April 2019 and 30 April 2021. Nature (London) 192:7880. J Zool (Lond) 167:4195, Welcomme RL (1985) River fisheries. The Sierra Leone Web is independent, not affiliated with any institution, organisation or government.