On top of these governance factors, the economic devastation that most authoritarian countries are facing will further add to citizens anger and restlessness and reduce the financial tools besieged leaders often use to buy off key discontented sectors. More than fifty million people from around the world visited the Universal Expositiona worlds fair intended to promote greater understanding and tolerance among nations, and to celebrate the new century, new inventions, exciting progress. Ukraine war latest: Dozens injured by Russia's overnight attacks; Pope One month later, when arson gutted the German parliament building, Hitler and his nationalist coalition partners seized their chance. The French foreign ministry said Lu would be given a stern rebuke, Germany said Beijing must clarify its stance, and the Czech foreign minister, Jan Lipavsk, described the remarks as totally unacceptable. In lieu of claiming that the coronavirus was invisible and therefore not present, quite a few authoritarian leaders have made themselves invisible instead. Direct link to 121931's post How was authoritarianism , Posted 2 years ago. In fact, the German military had quietly sought an end to the war it could no longer win in 1918. Why do you think Mussolini was less successful than Hitler in this respect? 83-84 - Why did Castro try to consolidate the revolution by banning free elections and how is this regarded? The Fascist party wanted to crush the existing 'liberal' rulers, but Mussolini allowed many officials to continue working for the state. 100-01 - What economic policies did the Government introduce to deal with the issues that Cuba faced? Hitler: Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged - Quizlet For example, all of them embraced nationalism, and they all found ways to justify violence against civilians. Thomas Carothers is senior vice president for studies and the Harvey V. Fineberg Chair for Democracy Studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. DP History: Topic 10: Authoritarian States (20th Century) This policy extended not only to sexual relations and marriage, but to any kind of social relationship at all. Dont assume western democracy will last forever, Ukraine ammunition depot reportedly hit in wave of Russian missile attacks. CBI opens investigations into suspected misuse of MSEI funds In someincluding Algeria, Armenia, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Sudanprotests have driven leaders out of power. Unsurprisingly, the economic conditions in a nation have long played an integral role in the emergence of authoritarian states, with such an idea perfectly illustrated through the establishment of Benito Mussolini's fascist authoritarian state . We draw on over a decade of fieldwork in the Salween River Basin where dams and diversions have been proposed since 1979, including the most recent iteration, the Yuam . What shocked so many in Germany about the treaty signed near Paris, at the Palace of Versailles, was that the victors dictated a future in which Germany was deprived of any significant military power. Italians convinced themselves that this firepower made them superior to their Ethiopian victims. -Political instability. For the first time, women were working outside the home in large numbers, and the new constitution gave women the right to vote. (Nov 10)), Analyse the circumstances that helpedoneright-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. Authoritarian States: Hitler - OUR DP HISTORY CLASS WITH MS. CHENEY He had plans to expand into the Balkans and acquire Albania as a territory. Nationalism, independence movements When the government chose not to intervene in this conflict, the Fascists used the fighting to gain power in the region. Analyse themethods used to eliminate opposition by two single-party rulers, each chosen from a different region. Compare and contrast the conditions that led to the rise to power of two authoritarian/single-party leaders. (May 2009), Compare and contrast the domestic policies of Hitler and Stalin up to the outbreak of the Second World War. Cameroons President Paul Biya vanished in March for over two months, while in Nicaragua, President Daniel Ortega has ducked from public view for extended periods twice, including once for more than a month. Germany has awakened! [2017] Historians Ruth Ben-Ghiat and Mia Fuller argue that the Italian colonies provided "testing grounds for strategies of governance and repression". After initial success in containing the virus, Singapore was struck by subsequent outbreaks among its population of migrant workers. DP History: Graded student essays for Authoritarian States David Wong was a 20192020 James C. Gaither Junior Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and is currently working on a digital start-up. The pandemic has provided a trigger or opportunity for numerous nondemocratic or illiberal governments to impose new restrictions on civil liberties, persecute opponents, limit protests, delay elections, and introduce new mass surveillance techniques. Gagauzias Election Could Help Russia Destabilize Moldova. The EU is an important trading partner for China as it reboots its economy after three years of zero-Covid. Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of . To what extent did popular support for the aims and ideology of one . The Fascists argued that in invading Libya, they were creating a new Roman Empire, thus playing to Italian nationalism. Despite the cutting-edge manipulative tactics and tricks of many authoritarian regimes, they are not immune from what is perhaps the central political imperative of this century: the steadily rising demands of citizens almost everywhere for capable, effective governance. Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda . He was offered a deal just as the Nazis started to lose votes. As the coronavirus has spread, many political observers have warned that it is bolstering authoritarianism globally. Estonias foreign minister, Margus Tsahkna, said he was seeking to find out why China has such a position or comments about the Baltic states. High inflation and unemployment. The kulaks are just one example. You should be looking at the title, author, headings, pictures, and opening sentences of paragraphs for the gist. In what ways did Mussolini pursue an aggressive foreign policy? First he attacked the Greek island of Corfu. When they seized power, Fascists had hoped to take over the Italian state completely. TTY: 202.488.0406, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that, Guidelines for Teaching About the Holocaust, Aftermath of World War I and the Rise of Nazism, 19181933, World War II and the Holocaust, 19391945, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Green Politics Could Have an Outsized Impact on Trkiyes Elections, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program. The Nazi Party gained broad support, including many in the middle classintellectuals, civil servants, students, professionals, shopkeepers and clerks ruined by the Depression. The Fascists, led by Mussolini, formed a street-fighting group called the Blackshirts to support the landowners. The modern Italian soldier on the stamp is dressed like a Roman legionnaire. 'Hitler and his party would never have come to power without the severe economic and political crisis that engulfed Germany from 1929 onwards' - Overy. The NSDAP, after becoming reallowed as a political party in 1925, changed their focus and used the democratic system of the Weimar Republic to gain power. In 1938 Mussolini published a "Manifesto of Fascist Racism." They believed victory on the battlefield abroad would bring back the glory of ancient Rome and show the world Italy was a real player in the "game of empire." After local resistance was crushed, Mussolini's regime established a tight grip over the region. And despite their differences, the fact that they all happened in a similar time period suggests that there was some global pattern making them all possible. In 1935, the Nazis passed the Nuremberg Laws. He is currently working on a dissertation about missionaries, theology, and empire in the 18th and 19th centuries. Battle for Lira: Fail (tried to revalue Lira but artificially raised value which resulted in declining exports), -Breeders Read and make notes on: (red - conditions; weaknesses of others;black - methods, tactics used by Castro), 63-4 - 1940s Batista's Cuba + Autentico Presidencies. Four key weaknesses are manifest. 'The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by. Will the Invasion of Ukraine Change Russia-Africa Relations? To what extent did economic factors contribute to the emergence of two authoritarian states, each from a di erent region? The fighting nourished the Fascists belief in violence as the true path to manhood. 2 . Early success in the Po Valley. Causes and effects of war: Chinese Civil War, H/L The People's Republic of China 1949-2005, http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-03-09/guest-post-message-voting-cattle?page=1, http://paxonbothhouses.blogspot.jp/2014/10/hitler-i-am-acting-as-agent-of-our.html, Cambridge paper - re.opposition to Nazism, http://www.casahistoria.net/ibrevision.htm, In 1943, hundreds of German women saved their Jewish husbands from deathcamps, Propaganda in Authoritarian States - Trump's laughter and clapping instigators, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpHRvuVvrDU, https://medium.com/@laurennreiff/how-do-you-think-nazism-happened-4662332b6c4b, www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1Zxy3Z2i34&has_verified=1, https://www.ted.com/talks/sviatlana_tsikhanouskaya_how_to_be_fearless_in_the_face_of_authoritarianism?utm_source=newsletter_daily&utm_campaign=daily&utm_medium=email&utm_content=button__2020-11-12#t-24, "Final Account" taken from The Guardian 12/03/2021. Introduction to IB History Paper 2 - IB Wisdom - DEPENDANT GERMANY Italy became increasingly more dependant on Nazi Germany --> Germany supported when League of Nations tried to oppose their aggression 'Chosen Leader' Theology Is Destroying Democracy Another million were sent to prisons called Gulags. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system, Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda, Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of propaganda, Nature, extent and treatment of opposition, The impact of the success and/or failure of foreign policy on the maintenance of power, Aims and impact of domestic economic, political, cultural and social policies, The impact of policies on women and minorities, Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved. Authoritarian Challenges to the Liberal Order - Institute for Global Change This is a list of key notes that you can use in paper 2 as the most important factors that need to be studied as recommended by the History guide. the authoritarian state with such a memorable moniker. Ideology and more. It got a bad name': the death of the post-Soviet dream, Russia-Ukraine war as it happened: explosion derails Russian train; at least 34 injured after Pavlohrad attack, Myhunting trip with Yeltsin killed off the Soviet Union, UKexpected to stop funding Chinese state-linked Mandarin teaching schools, Russia-Ukraine war at a glance: what we know on day 432 of the invasion, TheSoviet Union collapsed overnight. It may be all, some, or none: Photo of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini walking besides decorated members of the Italian military. 3. Political Instability. Angry at the growing resistance, Japanese troops killed as many as 300,000 civilians. Authoritarian states present a broad and serious challenge to liberal democracies and to the liberal world order. (May 10 TZ1), Assess the importance of economic distress and ideological appeal in the rise to power of one left-wing and one right-wing single-party ruler. Battle for Land: Success (decreased unemployment because people had to drain swamps and plough land) These questions will help you get a better understanding of the concepts and arguments that are presented in the article. (May 06), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power of one ruler of a single-party state. Those that have done well may gain enhanced domestic popularity and credibility for their competence, thus reinforcing their hold on power.