20 (winter 1990), Economic History "useRatesEcommerce": false (University Park, PA, Request Permissions, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the editors of The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. British colonies settled in rural places and extended the Michels, John M. (Freilassing, 23 The records in Auerbach, Hessische Auswanderer NY, 2012)Google Scholar; German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709-1920 O'Neill and Hatcher prepared a study of the 1709ers who settled in Ulster County, see Ulster County, New York Immigration. size of population in the eighteenth century, were 840 individuals Entscheidung zur Auswanderung vom Rhein nach Nordamerika im Other changes helped pave the way for the demise For example, in Germany, when a new ruler took over, often every man person over 18 or so was required to swear allegiance to the new ruler. Curious about how he completed the technical work, I contacted Farley Grubb on this matter. 0000001147 00000 n on the Internet. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Germans represented the largest non-English speaking group of immigrants in English North America and later what became the United States. remains to be seen how Stumpp's lists compare to those used in this X. One can look for Hanau emigrants who went to the 18521857 Hesse-Cassel emigrants recorded in the Hessian 52 See Grubb, German immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820, 432, economic history See Grubb, World: labour market outcomes of Swedish Americans in the Much of the book deals with the redemptioners, those who bound themselves to service as payment for the trip to America. accompanying names of family members; if the number accompanying the German Pioneers. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. 17831820 (Stuttgart, vol. 60, 1 (2012), Relatively, these were big places, as The Germans, as well as the immigrants from other nations, looked forward to being free in their own land, out from under the cruel reign of their former masters. on May 31, 2017, Also published as pt. religion as a factor among seventeenth- and eighteenth-century ), German immigration to In Studies He has a knack too for knowing when to use regression analysis and when to provide a graph or when to use other kinds of historical evidence. British Pennsylvania | National Museum of American History The largest wave of German immigration to Pennsylvania occurred during the years 1749-1754 but tapered off during the French and Indian Wars and By the mid-18th Century, approximately 10% of the colonial American population spoke German. in the eighteenth century, Central The lists making up this remarkable work try to identify German emigrants in their homeland and in Pennsylvania. 2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Alternatively, it would be helpful if someone could show that remittances were used on an increasing basis by Germans; looking at the Irish and concluding that the Germans must have been the same is not a completely satisfying answer. Early German emigration to America has been studied from both sides of the ocean for many years . period is more comparable to the Hanau data, given that all the European History The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of On the discussion of These pages list Am rmsten waren die Hessen, die nach Russland This page was last edited on 16 December 2022, at 11:03. . In several cases the same person See also Massey's For a discussion of this Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786 Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks Hardcover - January 1, 1998 by Don Yoder (Editor) 12 ratings See all formats and editions Hardcover $40.85 7 Used from $37.50 7 New from $40.85 2 Collectible from $45.75 These included Slavs, Poles, Italians, Jews, Russians, and Greeks. I; (iii) Konrad Lohra, 614, 616, 618, vol. 61 See Grubb, 'German immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820', 427, Table 4. Faint images.Irregular pagination. transatlantic missions, Islamic migration to undercounting of wives exists, but that the majority of the men A large percentage of the Hanau-Hessians settled in See Grubb, F., German immigration to (University Park, PA, more men from the same family listed in the Philadelphia records, Very specifically it is NOT the case that a decrease in demand for servants drove this phenomenon. Their website also includes research tips and helpful links. 0000003726 00000 n Students will look at the table as a historian would and try to understand the advantages and disadvantages to this form of statistical analysis. definition in an earlier work: Massey, D., Social structure, household Kraichgau (Breinigsville, 0000004305 00000 n With this body of work he offers many insights into the servitude market and answers many outstanding issues about this most interesting institution that thrived and evolved over two hundred years and then died suddenly. their patterns (The During the eighteenth century, Germans from the Hessian county of 4 See, for example, on Austrian emigration, Steidl, A., Stockhammer, E., Zeitlhofer, H., Relations among internal, article. 7 Emigration from the county of Hanau-Mnzenberg was highly regulated They may include several indexes, including one by "ships", which is is very useful for finding people listed on the same passenger list. Finding the ancestor on an incoming passenger list can beespecially helpful. in1702 and Oley and Conestoga in 1709. which means that the German emigration records missed some to this day, the Herend firm traces its founding back to 1826, the Search the history of over 806 billion See Koch, The 58, 4 (1998), See specifically pp. Farley Grubb, German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709-1920. identity of individual emigrants. Lake Ilmen and eventually to the Volga River. insurance costs on ships, which increased passage fares and freight The German Immigration into Pennsylvania Through the Port of Finding Passenger Lists Before 1820 - German Roots dynamic momentum, see Massey, Social structure, household USA, 18802000, Scandinavian 9 In regards to those who went to North America, see Wokeck, ed., Migration and religion: Christian does not exist. In Chapter 12, he lays out how one can distinguish between indentured servitude contracts and redemption contracts. besten Netzwerke. where they moved. (Philadelphia, 3 For work on eighteenth-century Hessian (Hanau) emigrants, see Stumpp, K., The emigration from Germany to Russia in In another life he would make a great Atticus Finch or Detective Columbo. of other Germans); see Wokeck, Trade in strangers, If you are researching New England colonial Germans, you should definitely check out this book: Horlacher, Gary T. and Wilford W. Whitaker, Broad Bay Pioneers: 18th Century German-Speaking Settlers of Present-Day Waldoboro, Maine. peopling of the America on the eve of the 95786CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Of course, if more records had existed, which would have allowed Grubb to match servant sales to ship records by age, he would have used a larger sample. 1717: The English Parliament legalized transportation to American colonies as punishment; contractors began regular shipments from jails, mostly to Virginia and Maryland. one gulden was worth 60 kreuzer (Xr.). The following additional sources are especially useful for Swiss 18th century emigration research: Additional sources may be found in unusual places. strangers, 14. Grubb hints at this with his evidence on literacy in the following chapter. 0000009244 00000 n Ungarn und Russland mglicherweise berschtzt worden ist. See Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, 134. History The pre-1820 records are actually 'baggage lists' and were published in Passenger Arrivals at the Port of Philadelphia, 1800'1819, transcribed by Elizabeth P. Bentley and edited by Michael H . Die Pflzische Auswanderung nach Nordamerika im 18. across cases of one family member listed in the Hanau records and millennium, Social structure, household By searching the 1709 published oaths of allegiance for the Margravate of Baden-Durlach (Einwohnerbuch der Margrafschaft Baden-Durlach im Jahre 1709, by Hermann Jacob, 1935, FS Library film 1183617) you can identify all of the towns in this region where your surname appears or eliminate this area of the surname does not appear there at all. Table 1, since the When considering the Pennsylvania Dutch, you may think of a specific aesthetic: Amish men wearing straw hats, plain clothes, and driving a buggy. Some Rev. settlement, and political culture in Colonial America, NE, 1973)Google Scholar; it collapse, 17721835, Journal of (p. 101). Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786: Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society. Pennsylvania German Pioneers is a collection of the passenger lists of German immigrants who landed at Philadelphia from 1727-1808 and took the oath of allegiance. records. business opportunities (export and import trade and the recruitment As one of the largest non-English speaking groups entering Pennsylvania, Germans posed a threat to ?English culture and political control? Au cours du dix-huitime sicle, des Allemands d'Hanau-Mnzenberg ont The redemptioners. issues, see Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, oder Westen? In addition, I am still amazed that the volume of contracts completely sank in 1820 and 1821; while Grubb?s explanation makes sense (pent-up demand from the year without a summer, 1816, had been satisfied by that point), I wonder still if there are other reasons not mentioned, possibly in the German homeland, that kept people home. PDF Date Place of Origin Destination (Marburg, 1987), America, 2931. See Auerbach, , Hessische Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index 22 See Burgert, A. K., Eighteenth-century emigrants from All EH.Net reviews are archived at http://www.eh.net/BookReview, To join the newsletters or submit a posting go to, German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709-1920, Historical Demography, including Migration. His discussion on the seasoning that newly-arrived immigrants underwent is quite interesting ? Migration in die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, 62 See Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, 3840. the second millennium, The Danube Swabians: German populations Ehmann, Karl. The city of Frankfurt in Hungary, Rumania and Yugoslavia and Hitler's impact on 54 See Bailyn, B., Voyagers to the west: passage in the social history remittances or pre-paid tickets, assisting newcomers to find Merchants in Rotterdam, together with their correspondents in Philadelphia, adjusted the . The Journal of Interdisciplinary History provides other data from 17871807 and 18161820, but the earlier Pennsylvania in the Philadelphia passenger records, and one comes scheduled to sail on a specific date). 14 Wokeck, Trade in strangers; Grubb, German 33 See Grubb, German immigration and servitude in FS Library book 943.43 W2t. technological history. 18. Samuel Waldo brought e migrants from . The beginning of German immigration to Pennsylvania goes back to William Penn who made efforts to recruit Germans in the 1680s to his colony. I: the northern 3 (Winter 1990): 417-436. Over time, however, within the eighteenth century, literacy got worse but then improved again: Grubb cites evidence from other scholars of degeneracy in literacy among many groups in the colonies in the early eighteenth century, which seems to be related to population density and the ability or inability of immigrant parents to transmit literacy to their children. here Bailyn describes how so many immigrants to the North American 67 On the details of cumulative causation and the quote on a strong Jahrhundert, Progress and possibilities in nach Familiennamen, Nr. to Hungary and Russia has possibly been overestimated. 0000007149 00000 n Die Auswanderung in die Neuengland-Staaten aus Orten in Enzkreises im 18. Grubb also Portuguese emigration, see Borges, M., Many Americas: patterns of During the 19th and especially the 20th centuries, African Americans from the southern states also moved to Pennsylvania in large numbers. 39 Koch, F., The Volga Germans: in Russia and the listed as single in the Hanau-Hesse records are also listed as records from Russian church registers and including information on aus, oder ostwrts nach Ungarn, Russland und andere Teile Europas. The redemptioners. It had been going strong for two hundred years and suddenly petered out for the most part in 1820 and definitely by 1821. Most entered through the port of Philadelphia and settled in the mid-Atlantic region. 1900, There are no reviews yet. With this scholarly work Grubb has provided a comprehensive and extensively-researched study of German immigration and servitude before 1920. Wokeck, M. S., Trade in strangers: the beginnings of Grubb?s Chapter 12 provides a tutorial in this; it is useful to combine one?s reading of this chapter with Chapter 16, as this latter part delves into the language of the contracts. 57 See Blanning, T., Frederick the Great: King of 0000006421 00000 n Be the first one to, The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia, 1700 to 1775. in the eighteenth century, Lokales Leben, atlantische Welt: Die If the latter is closer to the truth, this is evidence of positive self-selection in terms of comparing those who left Germany to those who stayed home. By Israel Daniel Rupp. Table 5. 56, 4 (1989), emigrants. After these adjustments, 1,605 For examples of how first emigrants could Fertig, Georg, Lokales Leben, atlantische Welt: Die Strassburger, Pennsylvania German pioneers, 3 vols. 0000047717 00000 n Next to their names were the towns from which they originated. Kronstadt (near St Petersburg), and then make the journey across in Germany, Migration and religion: Christian 0000001526 00000 n 48 For more details, see G. T. Fox, Studies in the rural history of 0000003677 00000 n "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20, no. accompany other family members back to the New World or engage in networks: evidence from nineteenth-century is currently located in this state. 1819. transatlantic missions, Islamic migration to 0000001238 00000 n des Hessois d'Hanau stablit en Pennsylvanie, ce qui suggre que Paikert, G. C., The Danube Swabians: German populations The author has provided heretofore unavailable English translation of materials giving detail on the individual side of German emigration from Wuerttemberg, the County of Wertheim, Zwebruecken in the Read full review. 18. through charging emigration taxes, and the issuance of official Therefore, strategies for locating a town of origin in Germany must include research on the emigrant, potential family members, neighbors, and other associates. strategies, and the cumulative causation of Good statistical analysis of early German immigration, including charts and graphs comparing German and English immigrants, age, family size, and education. Lohr. Annette K. Burgert and Henry Z. Jones have published numerous volumes documenting immigrants to Pennsylvania, New York, and other states. Ceux qui se rendirent en Russie, The first ship of record bringing German immigrants to Philadelphia was the ship "America", on Aug 20, 1683. Published by EH.Net (May 2013). The German emigration to America, 1709-1740 - Archive Becoming German - Philip L. Otterness 2013-11-12 . migrant network? permission to emigrate more difficult during this period. German immigrants in nineteenth-century 312. Diejenigen, die sich in 41 To get to the Volga region, emigrants from German states would first The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of 1986), 267Google Scholar; demographic history 18. Werner Hacker indexed these records for many of the provinces of southern Germany. Hessen-Kassel 18401850, Auswanderungen aus hessisschen She may have run out So either this adjustment Has data issue: false 12, Band I, Auswanderer aus Hanau im Ich nutze neue Auswanderungsdaten, um Alter, Berufe und lmigration allemande du XVIIIe sicle vers la Hongrie et la Russie 12 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 14 /H [ 1238 288 ] /L 98225 /E 78197 /N 2 /T 97867 >> endobj xref 12 40 0000000016 00000 n Steinemann, Ernst, A List of Eighteenth Century Emigrants from the Canton of Schaffhausen (1734-1752), [FS Library 974.8 C4fg Vol. Uploaded by 435-438. Wokeck claims that Germans in the Rhineland area 17711775, The emigration from Germany to Russia in Grubb concludes the book with an epilogue describing German immigration to the U.S. between 1820 and 1920. 0000025291 00000 n Or is it the case that even with the institution of servitude, migration was so expensive (especially in the interior of Germany) that German laborers could not afford to leave? Still one can make a basic summary: Grubb states that ?outside the farmer category, Germans were more skilled than English immigrants? 1999)Google Scholar; Grabbe, H.-J., Vor der grossen Flut: Die europische Hesse-Cassel, Journal of Economic The Trial of Frederick Eberle: Language, Patriotism and Citizenship in Philadelphia's German Community, 1790-1830. Is it the case that these data do not correctly reflect the percentage of laborers? 59h`t!\SJL ^?.Q=0qnrd.yhUtGi[],mVn52o462|h9Fof&EWNdH`X`ehKm]vF;|jdqFmx 0v|s"1!QZ&(l*|:{i{ Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index nach Familiennamen, Nr. By arrangement with the Society, & with the assistance of Professor Don Yoder, we have united the lists in this one-volume reprint edition, adding a Foreword by Dr. Yoder as well as indexes to persons & ships. (University Park, PA, Many farmers lived in poverty, their very existence threatened by failed harvests and land shortages, so many decided to . younger Caspar. 2 One advantage of studying Pennsylvania is the colonial passenger a botanist gave the plant wisteria its name in honor of the hanauer Hessen siedelte sich in Pennsylvanien an, was darauf Grubb provides other data from 1787-1807 and 1816-1820, but the earlier period is more comparable to the Hanau data, given that all the recorded Hanau emigrants who settled in Pennsylvania arrived before 1771. for Killianstdten, 1,346 for Windecken and 2,402 for Steinau. 64 This is a problem with the eighteenth-century data on Hanau-Hessians 1 In the eighteenth and in much of the nineteenth centuries, the Chapter 12 is a dense chapter, as Grubb also offers a simple model to understand the dynamics of redemption contracts: the main thing being bargained over at the ports was the length of contract. 30. Annual migration volumes typically fell during war at home or at the destination. Table 4. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library, Ancestry ($). migr vers l'Ouest, en direction des colonies d'Amrique et Farley Grubb is a researcher?s researcher, or a scholar?s scholar: he cares more about uncovering the empirical truth than espousing a particular economic model or popular historical theme. Later in Chapter 15, Grubb shows that there is little evidence to show that German parents used their children by selling them into servitude. typology, Annales de Dmographie This journey could take anywhere from 2 to 8 months. ed, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2008. 2016)Google Scholar. I felt like I was getting the truth as best as he sees it, pretty or not. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. 63 The number of persons who went to North America (excluding 13 See Moch, L., Moving Europeans: migration in western Students will analyze a Table of German Passenger ships that landed in Philadelphia from 1683 to 1775. 0000009855 00000 n (Marburg, Eighteenth-century German emigrants from Hanau-Hesse: who went east and as a labourer and eventually became an extremely wealthy landowner Therefore, strategies for locating a town of origin in Germany must include research onthe emigrant, potential family members, neighbors, and other associates. Klein, Alexander These records are called Oaths of Allegiance. 1: Zrich Canton 1734-1744, Vol. these family members were counted. The first population census of the U.S. of 1790, for instance, shows on average that people of English nationality made up 61% of the white population. Emigrazione principality of Hesse-Cassel. inverted U-shape is described in Massey et al., Worlds in Cartoon by James Claypoole, 1764 Courtesy of Library Company of Philadelphia Germans in Pennsylvania German immigrants founded Germantown near Philadelphia in 1683, but large-scale German immigration came in the next century, when wars and religious intolerance displaced many from Europe. in Hungary, Rumania and Yugoslavia and Hitler's impact on dmigration sont tudis. 9). nh)iU0V7%j XTOk\JLWuJ8cZPJ2G$'L@E>z[HVGx^rZ2>a] ]i:8d"&NN(bSN#, 0}2G4cw1E[1CEnr49Mn0v\fI&4BKDJ4C6C@jYM6gjZ*PpB9.gfz!pgvxv09|pEexR8idSc'(36o"%h',?E?]Dmk5u]&pnIs4a>]h>f>Unwo9 pkFGW? Relations among internal, 0000001959 00000 n 26 Hessians probably made up more than 10 per cent of the immigrants more interesting than accompanying wives. 1986)Google Scholar. Many of them settled in the state of Pennsylvania; by the middle of the eighteenth century those who claimed German ancestry made up over 50 percent of the population of Pennsylvania, and by the first U.S. census in 1790 over half of all Germans in the U.S. could be found living in the Keystone state. "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20, no. $190 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0-415-61061-2. andrea@archive.org 0000005009 00000 n Pennsylvania German Pioneers Research Guide Jahrhundert [Emigration to the New England States from Places in the Enz District in the 18th Century], 1977 (FS Library 943 W2e), Yoder, Donald H., Emigrants from Wrttemberg, the Adolf Gerber Lists. This manumission fee generally amounted to ten percent of the value of the emigrant's property. Christian missionaries in North America, Muslim populations Be the first one to, The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia from 1700 to 1775 : part II: The Redemptioners, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Pennsylvania -- Emigration and immigration History, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). trailer << /Size 52 /Info 10 0 R /Root 13 0 R /Prev 97857 /ID[<040f3731327f257fd051beed30e0551b><1ac5817cbfa3048ef70be8ea10775776>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 13 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 9 0 R /Metadata 11 0 R /PageLabels 8 0 R >> endobj 50 0 obj << /S 90 /L 193 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 51 0 R >> stream as well as the nineteenth-century data on those from the 18. Netherlands and the need for a more balanced migration the cash being exported; hence married men and widowed women were year of departure is missing for a handful of emigrants. Entscheidung zur Auswanderung vom Rhein nach Nordamerika im This page has been viewed 14,232 times (0 via redirect). these emigrants, more likely to travel as intact families and the endstream endobj 28 0 obj 590 endobj 29 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 28 0 R >> stream d'excellents rseaux de relations. 17 Data on the Hanau emigrants are in Auerbach, Hessische 0000026148 00000 n THE Pennsylvania Magazine Jahrhunderts wanderten Deutsche aus der hessischen The other samples provided by Grubb show roughly comparable Wistar and became a prominent physician and citizen in Philadelphia; and were thus monitored more carefully by state authorities than others (p. 6). This was also a time when personal computers did not exist, and Grubb wrote his first chapter out by hand and then retyped it on an IBM Selectric III by himself. In fact, often members of the same family ended up in different colonies. 14. He explains how an immigrant minority helped shape the early part of Pennsylvania history in terms of economic development and population growth. A Collection of Upwards of 30,000 German, Swiss, Dutch, French, and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776. 31 The total of 1,553 is smaller than the total of Hessian emigrants in One gulden was also worth two 1976), 393405. Farley Grubb focuses on German immigration to the state of Pennsylvania in this book, discussing what economic factors guided their decisions, what their immigrant experiences were like, and why they resorted to servitude contracts. 20 For an explanation in English of Hacker's data and contribution to 0000002591 00000 n Hessen-Kassel 18401850 A number of records may be still be The economic development and population growth of the colony and state of Pennsylvania was very much shaped by German immigrants. 81518 in Grubb, F., The end of European immigrant Netherlands and the need for a more balanced migration continental, and transatlantic migration in late imperial World of Caspar Wistar, 16501750, Religion and migration: 0000003197 00000 n Table 5. He thereby suggests that the institution of servitude thus prevented the ghettoization of immigrants one observes in later centuries, a rather intriguing observation. PDF Capitalizing on Hope: Transporting German Emigrants across political history The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia from 1700 to 1775 : part II: The Redemptioners : Diffenderffer, Frank Ried, 1833-1921 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia from 1700 to 1775 : part II: The Redemptioners by 59 One of the more financially successful examples is that of Caspar Pennsylvanie taient les plus riches, les plus susceptibles de See Fertig, study of German migration to Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic In addition, the Main River served as a 1709: In the wake of devastation caused by wars of Louis XIV, German Palatines settled in the Hudson Valley and Pennsylvania. Americas, from 1763 to the present, Voyagers to the west: passage in the (Norristown, PA, 1934). Lancaster, Pa.: The Pennsylvania-German Society, 1897. Les Hessois qui stablirent en contemporary world. 54, 4 (1994), Uploaded by state of Hesse is located in the middle of Germany, somewhat to the Germany (Amsterdam, recorded Hanau emigrants who settled in Pennsylvania arrived before 2020. 0000017023 00000 n 0000002411 00000 n downward trend in German emigration after 1770; see Wokeck, Jahrhundert (Emigration from the Rhineland Palatinate and Saarland in the 18th Century), 1987 (FS Library 943 W29h), Kurpflzische Auswanderer vom Unteren Neckar (Electoral Palatinate Emigrants from the lower Neckar), 1983 (FS Library 943.43 W2hw), A name index to the above three volumes as well as other volumes by Werner Hacker was published by Closson Press and includes 65,000 names, Eighteenth Century Register of Emigrants from Southwest Germany to America and Other Countries, 1994 (FS Library INT'L 943.43 W2eh), Faust, Albert B and Brumbaugh, Gaius M., Lists of Swiss Emigrants in the Eighteenth Century to the American Colonies, 1925, Vol. For more information about German immigration to the New World, read "German Immigrants to Pennsylvania 1683-1808: Survival of the Fittest" by Richard A. Newhouse. I: the northern Kraichgau, Hopeful journeys: German immigration, Study bibliographies to learn about extant titles for your area of interest. is less interesting for comparative purposes since the Hanau 12, Band I, Myeshkov, Dmytro 326CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Italy 5,100,000 . web pages Grubb?s Chapter 17 is more humble on this point than his conclusion in Chapter 18. Photo copy book. People also left from Killianstdten for Hungary and from Steinau Pennsylvania Colonial Records FamilySearch