The disaster killed 155 people (150 on the ascending train, two on the descending train and three in the mountain station). Welcome to Unofficial Networks's European Union Experience. The young woman - who was not named - said: "There was no hope for those who are left behind in the tunnel. The Kaprun disaster was a fire that occurred in an ascending train in the tunnel of the Gletscherbahn Kaprun 2 funicular in Kaprun, Austria, on 11 November 2000. Kaprun funicular tunnel (Austria; 155 fatalities) in 2000 or Daegu metro (South Korea; 200 fatalities) in 2003. The passengers had no method of contacting the attendant. Klaus Eisenkolb, a cable car technical expert who was involved in the planning for the line, said: "There is nothing inside the tunnel which could have caused the fire as everything inside was constructed from steel and all electrical cables are covered in fireproof material. Asked about possible British casualties, Major Richard Schieder of the Austrian police said: "The problem is the people on board were very badly burnt so identification is going to be very difficult. Two fleeing workers in the Alpine Centre, upon seeing the smoke, alerted employees and customers and escaped via an emergency exit. 5 minutes to Molkenkur, and another 9 minutes to Knigstuhl from 9 a.m. until late afternoon in winter and until mid-evening in summer. Many of the still-trapped occupants had by now lost consciousness due to toxic fumes. REUTERS/Calle Toernstroem REUTERS AX/FMS RF 2HK1C06 - The town of Zell am See in the Zell am See-Kaprun region, Austrian Alps, Salcburger land Firefighters reached the centre and saved one of the four, while the other three were asphyxiated. parts. 170 perish in Alpine tunnel inferno - The Telegraph Miclea PC, Chow WK, Chien SW, Li J, Kashef AH, Kai K. International tunnel fire-safety design practices. Twelve people from the rear of the train, who successfully broke a window with a ski pole, followed the advice of another escapee who had been a volunteer fire fighter for 20 years, and escaped downwards past the fire and below the smoke. Kaprun (German pronunciation: ) is . AB - The catastrophic consequences of the tunnel fires (e.g., the Mont Blanc tunnel, 1999, the Austrian Kaprun funicular tunnel, 2000, and the Swiss St. Gotthard tunnel, 2001) not only resulted in loss of life, severe property damages, but also left the public with a lack of confidence in using such systems. T1 - International tunnel fire-safety design practices. By: Francis Xavier, What happens when your campsite isnt bear-proofcheck out his video from the Oakland Zoo to find out. author = "Miclea, {Paul C.} and Chow, {Wan Ki} and Chien, {Shen Wen} and Junmei Li and Kashef, {Ahmed H.} and Kang Kai". Nearly one year after the fire, the official inquiry determined the cause was the failure, overheating and ignition of one of the electric heaters installed in the conductors compartments that were not designed for use in a moving vehicle. Like other underground funiculars around the world, the The stations were abandoned and the tunnel sealed. Hotline numbers for worried relatives: Red Cross: 0043 662 81 44 300; District Council: 0043 65 47 20000. Forensic technicians refuse to give information about the substance other than it is being chemically analyzed and appears similar in consistency to a lubricant. [4], One of the victims was Sandra Schmitt, a 19-year-old German freestyle skier who at the time was the reigning Women's Dual Moguls World Champion. Judge Seiss said there was insufficient evidence to find the suspects responsible for the conditions that led to the blaze. @article{3e91232b8fab481f8f9eeb9311e08566. The tunnel acted like a giant chimney, sucking oxygen in from the bottom and rapidly sent the poisonous smoke, heat and the fire itself billowing upwards. Many of the still-trapped occupants had by now lost consciousness due to toxic fumes. Kaprun Disaster - rail system They were desperately trying to find a way out. The Kaprun Funicular Network and its Demise The Kaprun disaster refers to the fire that occurred on November 11th 2000 in the tunnel of the Gletscherbahn (glacier train in German) Kaprun 2 funicular (cable railway) in Kaprun, Austria, not far from Salzburg. Heidelberg > Funicular. Most of the victims were skiers on their way to the Kitzsteinhorn Glacier. The Kaprun disaster was a fire that occurred in an ascending train in the tunnel of the Gletscherbahn Kaprun 2 funicular in Kaprun, Austria, on 11 November 2000. Paul C. Miclea, Wan Ki Chow, Shen Wen Chien, Junmei Li, Ahmed H. Kashef, Kang Kai, Research output: Journal article publication Journal article Academic research peer-review. MORE than 170 skiers and snowboarders, many of them children, choked and burnt to death yesterday when fire swept through a packed funicular train trapped inside a mountainside tunnel in the Austrian Alps. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The disaster killed 155 people (150 on the ascending train, two on the descending train and three in the mountain station). Eventually, the conductor was able to unlock the doors, allowing them to be manually forced open by the remaining conscious passengers who spilled out into the tunnel and fled upwards and away from the fire. Tauern Spa World was completed in November 2010 and is the second largest spa complex in Austria. This paper looks at some of the lessons learned from the Kaprun funicular tunnel fire of 2000; the King's Cross underground station fire of 1987; the Baku subway fire of 1995 and the Channel Tunnel fire of 1996. Poisonous. N2 - The catastrophic consequences of the tunnel fires (e.g., the Mont Blanc tunnel, 1999, the Austrian Kaprun funicular tunnel, 2000, and the Swiss St. Gotthard tunnel, 2001) not only resulted in loss of life, severe property damages, but also left the public with a lack of confidence in using such systems. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 0:00 / 10:31 #tunnel #kaprun #fire The disaster of the Gletscherbahn Kaprun 2 funicular - fire in the tunnel #8 (ENG) Tragicus Disaster Tragicus Disaster 55 subscribers Subscribe 0 No. There were two carriages on a single track, with a section allowing the trains to pass each other halfway. [5] Josef Schaupper, a seven-time Deaflympic medalist was also killed in the fatal accident along with his fellow deaf skiers. completely rebuilt after the A modern funicular car arrives in the lower station of the Six more deaths occurred indirectly. (Cars run underground between Kornmarkt, in the Altstadt, Guidelines for Fire Safe Design: Synthesis and Current Harmonisation Heading out the door? On the 11 th November 2000, the Gletscherbahn Kaprun 2 Funicular in Austria was the scene of a disaster that claimed the lives of 155 people. In September 2007, the public prosecutor's office found that the manufacturer of the electric heater was not responsible. The train complied with area safety codes, which did not address the systems installed on the train during its 1993 upgrade. In 2022, the Heidelberger Bergbahn will The tragedy occurred Monday, when the Kitzsteinhorn-bound funicular burst into flames in a tunnel, trapping nearly all of its passengers. Only 12 survivors escaped from the scene of the fire. For example, reliable and early fire detection in tunnels can provide the tunnel operator with early warnings of fire and its location, allowing for timely activation of the emergency response such as the emergency ventilation system. Authorities have yet to discover the cause of the explosion. Survivors described horrifying scenes as people trapped inside the train screamed with terror before the choking fumes silenced them. They were the only passengers to survive. One group managed to break through, and an ex-firefighter among them advised that they should descend the mountain, past the fire, to avoid smoke. The sustainability of existing tunnels, given the increased road traffic and changed vehicle mix, or the new rolling stocks, needs innovative design practices. The visitors centre gives guided tours of the area. Friends and relatives of skiers started gathering soon after the tragedy, fearing the worst as emergency crews tried to determine who was dead and who was only unaccounted for. 37 Germans A German spoke of scenes of terror as the fire broke out. The disaster claimed the lives of 155 people, leaving 12 survivors (10 Germans, 2 Austrians) from the burning car. The conductor and the sole passenger on the railways second train, which was descending the mountain in the same tunnel from above the burning carriage, also died of smoke inhalation. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34548260848&partnerID=8YFLogxK. Tony Blair was told that British skiers were believed to be among the dead when he phoned Wolfgang Schossel, the Austrian chancellor, to offer his condolences, Downing Street said. There were 12 survivors from the burning ascending train. Dozens of children and teenagers were killed on the cable railway in the Alps' worst disaster. They tried to tear open the closed doors and to smash the windows. the Heidelberger Bergbahn's tunnel and subterranean funicular were closed and completely rebuilt after the Gletscherbahn Kaprun 2 funicular fire in Austria killed 155 people on November 11, 2000. Minimum driver age is The onboard electric power, hydraulic systems, and fan heaters intended for use in homes instead of trains increased the likelihood of fire. Fire safety in rail and road tunnels is challenging because of the specific features of the tunnel environment. No smoke detectors existed on board. A slow leak of highly flammable hydraulic oil was ignited by the burning, melting heater, which in turn melted the plastic fluid lines, further feeding the flames and also resulting in the hydraulic pressure loss which caused the train to stop and the doors to fail. There were two carriages running simultaneously on a single track, with a section allowing them to pass each other halfway. The intensity of the fire required the bodies to be identified with DNA samples, which forensic experts are now collecting. If the steel cable was torn, as has been reported, the cable itself would run downhill and if it ran fast enough the friction could be the cause of the fire.". Dear friends,in this video I will tell you about the tragic story of the Kaprun funicular.Where a total of 155 people lost their lives due to a fire that broke out inside the tunnel that took them to the ski slopes. .I am going to tell you about the tragedy of Gletscherbahn Kaprun 2.#kaprundisaster #disaster #kaprun #fire #funicular #tunnel Please, for any questions write directly: tragicusdisaster@gmail.comCredits:Austria's Kaprun railway disaster reveals lack of safety measuresRichard Tylerhttps://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2000/11/aust-n16.html--------------------Kaprun TragedyReconstruction of the eventsby Elmar Berktoldhttps://www.funimag.com/funimag18/Funimag-Kaprun01.htm--------------------Chronology of the Kaprun TragedyDW Staff (pj)https://www.dw.com/en/chronology-of-the-kaprun-tragedy/a-1118765--------------------Caught in the Dark: The 2000 Kaprun Glacier Railway Fire Max Shttps://mx-schroeder.medium.com/caught-in-the-dark-the-2000-kaprun-glacier-railway-fire-b4ff46a7175--------------------Book:155 La copertura di Kaprun, di Hubertus Godeysen e Hannes Uhlhttps://155.at/en/about-the-book/https://155.at/en/--------------------Kaprun Disasterrailsystem.nethttps://railsystem.net/kaprun-disaster/--------------------Kaprun disasterhttps://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Kaprun+disaster--------------------Alpine inferno suspects acquittedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20040515144328/http:/www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/02/19/austria.verdict/--------------------Flashback: Kaprun ski train firehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3502265.stmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaprun_disasterhttps://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disastro_di_Kaprunhttps://dbpedia.org/page/Kaprun_disaster--------------------https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaprun_gletscherbahn_2.jpg CC BY-SA 4.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaprun_disaster#/media/File:Kaprun_Memorial_Inside_View.jpg CC BY-SA 4.0Credit: Public Domainhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipediCredit: Kruppyhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi (CC BY-SA 3.0)Credit: Salburger Nackerlhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipediCredit: Michael Gorskihttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi (CC BY-SA 3.0) ABOVE: The upper section of the Heidelberger Train Disaster at Kaprun - YouTube By evening, several hours after the blaze ended, plumes of smoke were still spewing from the tunnel entrance, as firemen wearing breathing gear worked their way down the tunnel. Professor Joseph Nejez, a funicular train expert, said that the designers throughout the years had a perception that a fire could not occur since no fire had occurred in a funicular cabin prior to the Kaprun disaster. As the train climbed the glacier in the early morning, the tragedy beganwhen a heater caught fire in the rear conductor's cabin. Chaprunne Castle was acquired by the Prince-Archbishops of Salzburg in 1287 and enfeoffed to the Lords of Felben in 1338. year-round). Eventually, the conductor was able to unlock the doors, allowing them to be manually forced open by the remaining conscious passengers who spilled out into the tunnel and fled upwards and away from the fire. They called the blaze an "unbelievable tragedy", adding that "we and the whole village are in mourning". Kaprun disaster - Wikipedia All the passengers ascending on foot, as well as the train conductor, were asphyxiated by the smoke and then burned by the raging fire. In 1993, it was modernized. The Kaprun disaster was a fire that occurred in an ascending train in the tunnel of the Gletscherbahn Kaprun 2 funicular in Kaprun, Austria, on 11 November 2000.The disaster killed 155 people (150 on the ascending train, two on the descending train and three in the mountain station). The disaster killed 155 people (150 on the ascending train, two on the descending train and three in the mountain station). The Kaprun disasterwas a fire that occurred in an ascending train in the tunnel of the Gletscherbahn Kaprun2 funicular in Kaprun, Austria, on 11 November 2000. Most of the victims were skiers on their way to the Kitzsteinhorn Glaciers. Only twelve people survived the disaster. Kaprun Funicular Accident Worst in History - Ski Mag All rights reserved. November 11, 2000. Some recent advances in technology, specifically state-of-the-art ventilation and water suppression systems, are also discussed. The extinguishers were in a sealed attendant's cabin, and those inside had no way of contacting the attendant. Copyright 1996-2023 Durant and Cheryl Kaprun - Wikipedia I only managed to save myself in the last few seconds because a window had been kicked in and I could fight my way outside.". Together they form a unique fingerprint. | Heidelberger Bergbahn. The 17-member Macedonian group was fatigued from their 24-hour journey to Austria and decided to rest instead of taking the funicular to Kitzsteinhorn. The victims were also thought to include two Americans from a ski club at a US military base in Germany. Salvage workers and police continue to work steadily to identify victims and to discover the cause of the catastrophe. The reservoir area has become a tourist attraction, with views over the towns of Kaprun and Zell am See. What Does It Take to Win Birds of Prey? The Kitzsteinhorn glacier railway has operated since 1974 and was the world's first Alpine underground railway. The catastrophic consequences of the tunnel fires (e.g., the Mont Blanc tunnel, 1999, the Austrian Kaprun funicular tunnel, 2000, and the Swiss St. Gotthard tunnel, 2001) not only resulted in loss of life, severe property damages, but also left the public with a lack of confidence in using such systems. [1] Several minutes later, the train conductor, who was in the cabin at the upper end of the train (which was the front, since the train was ascending), realized that a fire had broken out, reported it to the control centre, and attempted to open the hydraulically operated doors, but the system pressure loss prevented them from operating. On 11 November 2000, 161 passengers and one conductor boarded the funicular train for an early morning trip to the slopes. visit the English-language The total length of the system is just over 1.5 km. The tunnel acted like a giant blast furnace, sucking oxygen in from the bottom and rapidly sent the poisonous smoke, heat and the fire itself billowing upwards. The train complied with area safety codes, which did not address the systems installed on the train during its 1993 upgrade. Forty young ski enthusiasts from Slovenia had the most fortunate escape when they missed the train because one of their group was in the lavatory. This paper looks at some of the lessons learned from the Kaprun funicular tunnel fire of 2000; the King's Cross underground station fire of 1987; the Baku subway fire of 1995 and the Channel Tunnel fire of 1996. EU, a tax-free tourist car lease can be cheaper than renting for visits of Inc.", Miclea, PC, Chow, WK, Chien, SW, Li, J, Kashef, AH & Kai, K 2007, '. Testing skis and winter gear is hard work (just ask our boot testers)but someone's gotta do it. There were 12 survivors (10 Germans and two Austrians) from the burning ascending train. This section includes the world's tallest aerial lift pylon, a steel framework construction 113.9 metres (originally 106 meters) high. Daron Rahlves Knows. Download the app. Create a personalized feed and bookmark your favorites. The Kaprun disaster was a fire that occurred in an ascending railway car in the tunnel of the Gletscherbahn 2 railway in Kaprun, Austria, on 11 November 2000. Instead, down the valley in Kaprun, they gathered in a sports hall to wait for lists to be produced of who was believed to have been on the slopes or in hotels and hostels - and who was missing.The local authorities will post the names of people who returned safely from Kitzsteinhorn on the internet after taking the names of 2,500 skiers during the day. Austria ski tunnel fire case opens. "Best of the Web" Prior to the passenger train leaving the lower terminus shortly after 9:00 am, the electric fan heater in the unattended cabin at the lower end of the train caught fire, due to a design fault that caused the unit to overheat. The train conductor then lost contact with the control centre, because the fire had burned through a 16kV power cable running alongside the length of the track, causing a total blackout throughout the ski resort. The other three were found at a station stop at the top of the tunnel. The unit had its fire extinguishers out of the passengers reach in the sealed attendant compartments. [6][7], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}471332.26N 124314.67E / 47.2256278N 12.7207417E / 47.2256278; 12.7207417. Meanwhile, the centre was filled with smoke and all except four people escaped the centre. The funicular was thoroughly overhauled and modernised six years ago. Each funicular unit had its fire extinguishers out of the passengers' reach in the sealed attendants' compartments. - Forbes and The Washington Post. and the Schloss or castle on the hill overlooking the old town.). The Truth About The Deadly Kaprun Railway Disaster - Grunge They turned and ran for their lives." The stations were abandoned and the tunnel sealed, and it remains unused today. Unofficial From The Web Climbing The train involved in the disaster caught fire shortly after leaving the valley station and entered the tunnel where it came to a halt 600 metres from the lower end. Kaprun disaster - Wikiwand The Kaprun disaster was a fire that occurred in an ascending railway car in the tunnel of the Gletscherbahn 2 railway in Kaprun, Austria, on 11 November 2000. the camera looking downhill from the Schloss station toward Kornmarkt. The zoo set up a mock camping (). All Rights Reserved. Kaprun, Austria, Nov. 15, 2000The final death toll is 155 people in what can be pronounced historys worst cable car accident. The second section, to the Krefeld Hut, climbs 554 metres. This melted through the pipes that carried the hydraulic fluid, which was not only flammable but necessary for braking and other functions of the funicular. Fire safety in rail and road tunnels is challenging because of the specific features of the tunnel environment. On 19 February 2004, Judge Manfred Seiss acquitted all 16 suspects. The train, the Gletscherbahn 2, was a funicular railway running from Kaprun to the Kitzsteinhorn, opened in 1974. One train would carry passengers up the mountain while the other train simultaneously descended the mountain. There was no cellphone reception within the tunnels, which meant that passengers had no method of contacting the attendant. for children) and the Tinnunculus Falknerei (where you can see falconry demonstrations Speaking on Austrian radio, one of the survivors described smoke pouring through the carriages. CNN.com - Austria ski tunnel fire case opens - June 18, 2002 The sustainability of existing tunnels, given the increased road traffic and changed vehicle mix, or the new rolling stocks, needs innovative design practices. Miclea, Paul C. ; Chow, Wan Ki ; Chien, Shen Wen et al. For the Indigenous Australian ethnic group, see, "Dauersiedlungsraum der Gemeinden Politischen Bezirke und Bundeslnder - Gebietsstand 1.1.2018", "Einwohnerzahl 1.1.2018 nach Gemeinden mit Status, Gebietsstand 1.1.2018", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaprun&oldid=1118811962, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 October 2022, at 01:52. Tunnel safety can only be improved if the lessons of past incidents are learned properly. Road access to the tunnel was blocked by police, with even friends and relatives unable to gain access to the scene. Disaster struck when the train had travelled about 600 yards up the two-mile tunnel. The topping out ceremony was held on 23 September 1955, a few months after the signing of the Austrian State Treaty. Among those killed were at least eight members of the German Ski Association and 29 other Germans, 92 Austrians, 10 Japanese, 8 Americans, 4 Slovenes, 2 Dutch, one person from the Czech Republic, and one person from Great Britain. Gletscherbahn Kaprun 2 funicular fire in Austria killed 155 people on The sustainability of existing tunnels, given the increased road traffic and changed vehicle mix, or the new rolling stocks, needs innovative design practices. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Copyright 2023 National Academy of Sciences. Kaprun disaster: One hundred fifty-five skiers and snowboard | The On November 11, 2000, over 100 skiers were riding a cable car funicular train in Kaprun, Austria, excited for a day traversing the Alps. Conditions yesterday appear to have been every bit as extreme as in the Mont Blanc road tunnel where 45 people died in March 1999 in the last big tunnel fire in mainland Europe. Eleven passengers from the rear of the train who successfully broke a window followed the advice of another escaped passenger who had been a volunteer fire fighter for 20 years, and travelled downward past the fire and below the smoke. Even without the heat the fumes were absolutely terrible. 2 Dutch The carriages each had a maximum capacity of 180 passengers. After the passenger train ascended into the tunnel shortly after 9:00am, the electric heater in the unattended conductors cabin at the lower end of the train caught fire, due to a design fault. It was impossible to breathe." Some bodies were found on narrow stairs leading upward from the train, indicating that they had managed to get out but were overcome by smoke. The disaster killed 155 people (150 on the ascending train, 2 on the descending train and 3 in the mountain station). Only eight of the estimated 180 passengers are thought to have escaped the carnage after breaking the window of the rear carriage and scrambling to safety. 4 Slovenians The track cuts through a cliff and ridges as it heads up to the ski slopes. 170 perish in Alpine tunnel inferno. Terms of Use and Privacy Statement, CIVIL ENGINEERING (PROCEEDINGS OF THE ICE). June 18, 2002 Posted: 6:15 AM EDT (1015 GMT) The Kaprun funicular rail blaze clamed the lives of 155 people from around the world. Construction stopped in 1942/43, and was restarted after the war by Allied-occupied Austria from 1947. "Fire on the Ski Slope" is about the Kaprun disaster.The Kaprun disaster was the fire that occurred in a funicular car in the tunnel of the Gletscherbahn 2 railway in Kaprun, Austria, on 11 November 2000. Meanwhile, the centre filled with smoke and all except four people escaped from the centre. 21 days or longer. Today, the completely renovated Kaprun disaster All the passengers ascending on foot, as well as the train conductor, were asphyxiated by the smoke and then burned by the fire. Mr Muller, the security director, denied reports that fire doors at the top and bottom of the tunnel were not closed, as they should have been. A new transport system was eventually built, and the train never reopened, only leaving behind a sealed tunnel and a grim legacy. Manfred Muller, the railway's security director, said: "We never thought it was possible that a fire could break out." Join Outside+ to get access to exclusive content, thousands of training plans, and more. The Kaprun disaster was a fire that occurred in an ascending train in the tunnel of the Gletscherbahn Kaprun 2 funicular in Kaprun, Austria, on 11 November 2000. By Philip Sherwell, Michael Leidig in Vienna, Julian Coman in Kaprun, Jenny Booth and Daniel Foggo 12 November 2000 12:00am. An avalanche killed 12 people last March south of Salzburg, in the same region. Other Austrian cable cars that resemble the one at Kitzsteinhorn have been halted for safety checks. Unfortunately, most of them would never make it. Eighteen people survived the wreck, twelve who saved themselves from the cable car after they broke a window with a ski, and six who had been waiting at the top of the tunnel. Six more deaths occurred indirectly. 10 Japanese This paper looks at some of the lessons learned from the Kaprun funicular tunnel fire of 2000; the King's Cross underground station fire of 1987; the Baku subway fire of 1995 and the Channel Tunnel fire of 1996. The fire melted through plastic pipes carrying flammable hydraulic fluid from the braking system, and the resulting loss of fluid pressure caused the train to halt unexpectedly (this was a standard safety feature). Understand [] Kaprun III, with 113.6 m the tallest aerial tramway support pillar in the world. The Kapruner Ache creek joins the Salzach River south of the settlement. For many, the funicular was until yesterday part of the area's attraction. cars and a tunnel with the latest fire-safety technology; The longer above-ground stretch Mrchenparadies (a fairy-tale park The passengers attempted to break the tough acrylic glass in an effort to escape. after changing to the vintage funicular at Molkenkur. By Philip Sherwell, Michael Leidig in Vienna, Julian Coman in Kaprun, Jenny Booth and Daniel Foggo, Jewish leaders want to meet Guardian editor over anti-Semitic Richard Sharp cartoon, Islamic State leader killed in Syria by Turkish intelligence services, says president, The Kings Coronation could herald a beautiful bloom of wildflowers, Duke of Sussex waxwork reunited with royals at Madame Tussauds, Watch: Mark Selby claims first ever 147 in World Snooker Championship final, Manchester United fans demand complete removal of Glazers. A slow leak of highly flammable hydraulic oil was ignited by the burning heater, which in turn melted the plastic fluid lines further feeding the flames, and also resulting in the hydraulic pressure loss which caused the train to stop and the doors to fail. In this section I will briefly explain the events that are known as the Kaprun disaster. title = "International tunnel fire-safety design practices".