What changes (political, social, cultural) occurred as a result of the Protestant Reformation? King on a raised platform surrounded by 700 Eunuchs; only approached lying down on the ground. The most common destination for slaves was Brazil because sugar was so harsh to cultivate that the lifespan of slaves was extremely short (5-10% of slaves died every year). The, Newtons Laws of Gravitation, Astronomical Charts, Better mapmaking, Astrolabe, Lateen sail, Compass, New ships (caravel, carrack, fluyt), Established Spanish links to Americas and Asia, Harvested cash crops, worked plantations, maintained homes. (indirect object), d.o.d.o.d.o. The original rules were superseded by the addition of several new directives. How did the Mexica Aztec organize their empire and generate revenue? The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids (1501-1736, Persia) were Shi'a Muslims. In the Ottoman Empire, they were Christian boys from the Balkans who were enslaved & educated to serve the state) helped to consolidate power by creating a very loyal bureaucracy and elite military (the Janissaries). A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife. The Cossacks under Yemelyan Pugachev rebelled against, South Asia, which includes modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, has a majority population of Hindus and a strong minority of Muslims. Describe cultural syncretism that occurred as a result of the Atlantic trading system. However in 1675, Metacom mounted one last effort to drive the British off the Native land. In the Americas, Indigenous groups rebelled against European conquest. The Atlantic Slave Trade began immediately after the Portuguese arrived in Africa, but seriously expanded after Native American populations were decimated. The Spanish abolished systems against being cruel to natives. What were the characteristics of the Mughal Empire? Most of the native literature, art, and languages were completely destroyed, which left very few primary sources from before 1450. As serfs, they were completely tied to the land and sold when the land sold. What could be done about them? \hline {\text { SUMMARY }} \\ A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s. There were many plantations built for sugar to keep up with sugar demand. During the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan underwent significant economic and cultural development. Young men and women from Germany or Britain. They supported exploration by agricultural, manufactured, and animal products as well as supported slave trade. Key Takeaways AP World History Period 2 (1450-1750) The Americas became part of the global trade network, spurred by the Columbian Exchange. This allowed empires to expand and use the military to take over other empires and conquer land. They saw each other as heretical and fought each other for land. The British Empire was the largest empire in history, with territories on every continent. Following the Xinhai Revolution, which ended imperial rule in China, the Qing Empire was dissolved in 1912. The only one of the singers who (knows, know) this part is absent. I believe I ________close the windows in case of rain. Explain how & why various land based empires developed & expanded from 1450-1750 Land empires included the Manchu in Central & East Asia; the Mughal in South & Central Asia; the Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East, & North Africa; and the Safavids in the Middle East 1c. Give examples of how state expansion and centralization led to resistance from groups on a local level. Tax Farmers (who were not government employees) were told to collect a certain amount of taxes from an area. \hline \text { Column 2 } & {10} & {348} \\ While the Columbian Exchange and Columbuss Voyages capture most of the attention between 1450-1750, at the same time, around the world a number of land empires centralized. Spanish and Portuguese influence spread across politics, economics, and society in the Americas. US military Land Based Empires 1450-c. 1750 Flashcards | Quizlet 1555 agreement after the 30 Years War declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler. The name of the paintin Describe indentured servitude. Unit 3 Study Guide 1 .docx - Unit 3: Land-Based Empires C. 1450 - 1750 The Han Chinese established the Ming dynasty after overthrowing the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and establishing a new government in China. The Sunni and Shia split after the death of Muhammad. Organizing a society is essential to maintaining stability within an Empire. If there is a specific religion that needs to be followed, they can enforce it and create consequences. 3. Africa was targeted for labor in the Americas because Indigenous populations were decimated by disease and were able to escape with knowledge of the land and the ability to blend in with other Natives. Explain how rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and The Aztec Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its sophisticated system of government and administration. It did, however, lead to further spread of Christianity. 4. This included the development of military professionals Learning Objective 3.4.D These are a good comparison of the methods by which various empires increased their influence from 1450-1750. Universities, mosques, and hospitals were built. The Songhai Empire is particularly known for its contributions to the study of mathematics, astronomy, and Islamic studies. Although the population of Africa ultimately increased because of increased food resources, in some regions the population declined as slaves were kidnapped. What European Christian traditions were changed by the Protestant Reformation? Include both positive and negative outcomes. What were the motivations and consequences of exploration? \end{array} The connection of the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) and the New World (the Americas) unlocked a massive flow of goods, people, ideas, and disease. He was approached by Lord Macartney about liberalizing the trade restrictions; turned down the offer claiming that Europe had nothing to offer China. They had religious tolerance as different religions were allowed. Had a millet system, gave religious freedom, devshirme. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Songhai Empire ruled over a large portion of West Africa. It was a major player in the Industrial Revolution and a global power in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Europeans had trading posts in Africa because they then had access to slaves, ivory, gold, and grain. How did religion lead to conflict in the Middle East 1450-1700? 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Under the Mughal Empire, the arts, including literature, architecture, and painting, flourished. After Zheng Hes explorations, the Ming dynasty retreated into isolationist policies. The Aztec Empire was known for its sophisticated government system, which included an organized bureaucracy and a strong centralized administration. Use Fisher's LSD method to determine which means differ at the 5% level of significance. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Art (ex: Qing imperial portraits, Incan sun temple, Mughal mosques) It was founded by the Manchu people, who conquered the Ming Dynasty and established their own rule over China. Developed in South Asia due to interactions between Hinduism and Islam. Japan initially welcomed Portuguese and Dutch traders and. What is a caravel and why was it significant in the 1450 to 1750 time period? During the Safavid Empire, the arts, including literature, architecture, and painting, flourished. Identify ONE way in which ethnic divisions affected the - Brainly The empire was known for its strong military, which allowed it to conquer and expand its territory by conquering a number of neighboring states. Why? How did Maritime (sea-based) Empires exert and expand their power? The Portuguese Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, with territories in Africa, Asia, and the Americas at its peak. The Portuguese controlled some areas on the Indian Ocean network as they strong armed locals, but merchants continued to trade and migrate. What are the various methods used by land based empires to collect taxes in this era? How did joint-stock companies allow European states to consolidate and maintain power in their colonies? Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Land-based empires were able to develop as production of gunpowder and cannons increased. The Ottomans were patrons of the arts and encouraged the development of a distinct Ottoman style of art and architecture. How did the Qing Dynasty expand their empire? The Russian Empire came to an end in the early 20th century, following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent collapse of the monarchy. A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs. The answers consists of vocabulary words. They would kidnap slaves and trade them to Europeans in exchange for wealth and guns, which made local rivalries far more violent. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. At this time, wealth was measured by how much gold or silver a country had on hand. He also forced all nobility to live there with him so they could not challenge his power while being watched. What is a lateen sail and why was it significant in the 1450-1750 time period? How did the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912), in China centralize their bureaucracies? in synagogues near the walls of Rome, This group of people originally settled Oregon and helped to establish many of the trails west. It was also renowned for its architectural and artistic accomplishments, as well as its military prowess. This is why the ancient civilizations are so fascinating because they all developed similar structures without knowing about each other. Queen Nzinga turned to the Dutch to help fend off the Portuguese. As large empires started state expansion and centralization as they conquered land that was already home to natives, the natives resisted and fought back. Answer:The fact that the Ottoman Empire became more prominent from 1450 to 1750 had a great impact on global trade networks and in the way trade was conducted in the area. Although some existed before and after, most are confined to this time period. The Spanish Empire was a global empire centered in Spain that ruled over a large portion of the world from the 15th to the early 19th centuries. How was the development of Maritime Empires influenced by ethnic divisions and racist institutions? The Qing Empire was distinguished by a centralized government, a social hierarchy, and a bureaucratic rule system. Meanwhile, the population of forced laborers increased, further expanding the wealth gap. Settled nomads who were not interested in overseas expansion ruled a few of these states. The term land-based empire--as it explicitly applies to AP World History--refers to empires which existed during the period 1450-1750. Describe European trading posts in Africa. One way rulers legitimized and consolidated their power was through the use of tributes and taxes. It was founded by the Aztec civilization, which developed in the central valley of Mexico and eventually came to dominate much of the region through military conquests. How did religion lead to conflict in Europe 1450-1700? The Songhai Empire was a West African empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Mali, Niger, Senegal, Burkina Faso, and Nigeria from the 14th to the 16th century. Explain how land-based empires utilized monumental architecture to maintain power: Land-based empires utilized monumental architecture to maintain power because the large creations were used to show off wealth that the empires and rulers had. Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) Context Practice Instructions: Write a contextual statement for each of the prompts below. Advanced technologies, the finding of the New World, and knowledge of monsoon winds and currents. Great wealth and splendor. Even into her 60s, Queen Nzinga personally led her troops into battle to protect their land. Europeans built empires that stretched across oceans included territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The Mughals, under Akbar and several of his successors, were religiously tolerant of the Hindu majority which allowed themselves to be seen as legitimate rulers. The tsar wielded absolute power in this autocracy. The British Empire was a major player in world affairs, helping to shape the modern world. The Inca Empire came to an end in the 16th century, when it was conquered by the Spanish conquistadors, led by Francisco Pizarro. Tax (ex: Mughal zamindar tax collection, Ottoman tax farming), used movable type to print, increased literacy and helped spread the Reformation, First absolute tsar of Russia who crushed the boyars, giving him a bad reputation, emperor of Qing dynasty, greatly expanded China's borders. Following the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I and the subsequent occupation of Constantinople (Istanbul) by British and other Allied forces, the empire was eventually dissolved in the early twentieth century. Akbar was very tolerant of religions and removed the jizya. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which interactions between societies and cultures affected the institutions of land-based empires in this period. Most kidnapped slaves were men, which left a gender imbalance in favor of women, especially in Ghana and Benin. a) Identify ONE way in which ethnic divisions affected the - Brainly Mughals, 1857. In the period 1450-1750, both European and Asian powers expanded their reach and created large empires across the world.