In December 1930 he attended a rowing-club ball and met Lina von Osten. [100] Labor was reorganised on the basis of the German Labour Front. He served as president of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC, now known as Interpol) and chaired the January 1942 Wannsee Conference which formalised plans for the "Final Solution to the Jewish question"the deportation and genocide of all Jews in German-occupied Europe. Corrections? [164], Heydrich received a number of Nazi and military awards. [38] Heydrich's counterintelligence service grew into an effective machine of terror and intimidation. Jan Kubi and Jozef Gabk headed the team chosen for the mission, trained by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). He suffered major injuries to his diaphragm, spleen, and one lung, as well as a broken rib. Many historians regard Heydrich as one of the darkest figures within the Nazi regime;[5][6][7] Adolf Hitler described him as "the man with the iron heart". "armdn generl in memoriam Alois Eli", "Pohnut Osudy: Alois Eli. Anti-Jewish violence was forbidden for the duration, and news stands were required to stop displaying copies of Der Strmer. Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich[8] was born in 1904 in Halle an der Saale to composer and opera singer Richard Bruno Heydrich and his wife, Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Heydrich (ne Krantz). [146], Heydrich's assailants hid in safe houses and eventually took refuge in Saints Cyril and Methodius Cathedral, an Orthodox church in Prague. Reinhard Heydrich nel 1940.. L'ideologia delle SS fu costruita e plasmata in base all'ideologia nazista: il punto focale fu la teoria della razza nordica superiore e dell'inferiorit delle altre razze. [23], As a result of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles as well as Germany's large war debt, hyperinflation spread across Germany and many lost their life savings. Both Heydrich and Heydrich's firstborn son, Klaus, died within the year. Shot and wounded from a blast from a hand grenade, he died eight days later from blood poisoning by the metal fragments lodged is his body. Heydrich masterminded the plan and toured the site, which was about four miles (6km) from the Polish border. [37][38], Although the starting monthly salary of 180 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 679 in 2021) was low, Heydrich decided to take the job because Lina's family supported the Nazi movement, and the quasi-military and revolutionary nature of the post appealed to him. [29], On 30 May 1931, Heydrich's discharge from the navy became legally binding,[30] and either the following day[30] or on 1 June he joined the Nazi Party in Hamburg. She was declared entitled to a substantial pension as her husband was a German general killed in action. Reinhard lived in Halle. The grave of Reinhard Heydrich, a top Nazi official, was dug up Dec. 12 in Berlin. [117] In May 1941 Heydrich drew up regulations with Quartermaster general Eduard Wagner for the upcoming invasion of the Soviet Union, which ensured that the Einsatzgruppen and army would co-operate in murdering Soviet Jews. According to Heydrich's estimate, between 4,000 and 5,000 people were arrested[94] and between 400 and 500 were executed by February 1942. [72] The Wannsee Villa, which the Stiftung Nordhav acquired in November 1940,[73] was the site of the Wannsee Conference (20 January 1942). Many historians regard him as the evilest of the Nazi elite, and Hitler referred to him as the man with the iron heart.. [15] In Czechoslovakia, she was tried in absentia and sentenced to life imprisonment, which she evaded.[13]. [122], Earlier on 31 July 1941, Hermann Gring gave written authorisation to Heydrich to ensure the co-operation of administrative leaders of various government departments in the implementation of a "Final Solution to the Jewish question" in territories under German control. [51] The first concentration camps, which were originally intended to house political opponents, were established in early 1933. Himmler gave the eulogy. [161][162], Heydrich began training as a pilot in 1935, and undertook fighter pilot training at the flight school at Werneuchen in 1939. During his 11 years with the SS Heydrich "rose from the ranks" and was appointed to every rank from private to full general. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He was shy, insecure, and was frequently bullied for his high-pitched voice and rumoured Jewish ancestry. Reinhard Heydrich, also known as The Butcher, rose to be Obergruppenfhrer of the notorious S.S. in Nazi Germany. An individual portrait of Reinhard Heydrich [FHM 2002.001.035] is also part of the Perpetrators series. [132] A splenectomy was performed, and the chest wound, left lung, and diaphragm were all debrided. The project was named Operation Reinhard after Heydrich. Eventually, they married for the purpose of changing her last name. After Adolf Hitler became chancellor in 1933, Heydrich was appointed chief of the political department of the Munich police force, and he helped bring the political police forces throughout Germany under Himmlers control. He helped organise Kristallnacht, a series of coordinated attacks against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria on 910 November 1938. The Reich Protector, Konstantin von Neurath, remained the territory's titular head, but was sent on "leave" because Hitler, Himmler, and Heydrich felt his "soft approach" to the Czechs had promoted anti-German sentiment and encouraged anti-German resistance via strikes and sabotage. On 28 December 1941 they parachuted into the Protectorate, where they lived in hiding, preparing for the mission. [81] Soviet military prosecutors did not use SD forged documents against the generals in their secret trial; they instead relied on false confessions extorted or beaten out of the defendants. Despite a fever, Heydrich's recovery appeared to progress well. The years 1933, 34, 35, 36 were filled with work and innumerable startup problems. With this appointment by Hitler, Himmler and his deputy, Heydrich, became two of the most powerful men in the internal administration of Germany. "[91], Heydrich came to Prague to enforce policy, fight resistance to the Nazi regime, and keep up production quotas of Czech motors and arms that were "extremely important to the German war effort". She ran Reinhard Heydrich's former summer house on Fehmarn as a restaurant and inn until it burned down in February 1969, during welding work within the roofspace that caught the thatched roof alight. The telegram is evidence number PS-3363 from the Oswald Pohl case at the Nuremberg Trials. [93][b] Those who were not executed were sent to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where only four per cent of Czech prisoners survived the war. He received severance pay of 200 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 755 in 2021) a month for the next two years. [113] On 21 September 1939, Heydrich sent out a teleprinter message on the "Jewish question in the occupied territory" to the chiefs of all Einsatzgruppen with instructions to round up Jewish people for placement into ghettos, called for the formation of Judenrte (Jewish councils), ordered a census, and promoted Aryanization plans for Jewish-owned businesses and farms, among other measures. Reinhard Heydrich was born on March 7, 1904, in Halle an der Saale, 20 miles northwest of Leipzig, in the German state of Saxony. [92] Although small disorganised cells of Central Leadership of Home Resistance (stedn veden odboje domcho, VOD) survived, only the communist resistance was able to function in a coordinated manner (although it also suffered arrests). We are no longer accepting comments on this article. [166] It was his final combat mission. By Allan Hall for MailOnline Updated: 12:14 EDT, 28 March 2011. By the late 1930s, the duties of Reinhard Heydrich led him to work long hours and often be away from home. Hitler used the ruse as an excuse to launch his invasion. [82], By late 1940, German armies had invaded most of Western Europe. There is no evidence that he participated in the fighting, and when the skirmishes ended, he was part of the force assigned to protect private property. WebRudolf Diels, hacia 1933. WebThe assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, who was the commander of the German Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), the acting governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and a principal architect of the Holocaust, [1] was a coordinated operation by the Czechoslovak resistance during World War II. WebIn a time of barbarity, Reinhard Tristan Heydrich, the Hangman, stood out as one of the cruelest and most brutal mass murderers in Nazi Germany. [165], On 20 July 1941, without seeking authorization from Himmler, Heydrich rejoined Jagdgeschwader 77 during Operation Barbarossa, arriving at Yampil, Vinnytsia Oblast in a borrowed Me 109. WebTIL legend states that Reinhard Heydrich, high ranking Nazi, is said to have worn the Bohemian crown while overseeing occupied Czechoslovakia, an act which if done by a usurper is said to mean certain death within a year. [20] Heydrich began to form positive opinions about the Vlkisch movement and anti-communism, as well as a distaste for the Treaty of Versailles and the positioning of the German-Polish border. Commissioned as a naval officer, he was discharged in 1931 after a naval court of honour found him guilty of misconduct (for refusing to marry a shipyard directors daughter with whom he had had an affair). [44] To mark the occasion of Heydrich's December wedding, Himmler promoted him to the rank of SS-Sturmbannfhrer (major). WebAlso Known As: Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich Died At Age: 38 Family: Spouse/Ex-: Lina Heydrich father: Richard Bruno Heydrich mother: Elisabeth Krantz siblings: Heinz Heydrich, Q15303817 children: Heider Heydrich, Klaus Heydrich, Marte Heydrich, Silke Heydrich Soldiers War Criminals Height: 1.91 m Died on: June 4, 1942 place of death: Soon afterward Heydrich and Adolf Eichmann began organizing the first deportations of Jews from Germany and Austria to ghettos in occupied Poland. But the director of the Lidice memorial, Milous Cervencl, is not opposed to the castle being restored. Himmler became the Munich police chief and Heydrich became the commander of Department IV, the political police. These included the German Order,[167] Blood Order,[136] Golden Party Badge, Luftwaffe Pilot's Badge, bronze and silver Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for combat missions, and the Iron Cross First and Second Classes.[163]. Reinhard Klaus Monster: Reinhard Heydrich was the head of the dreaded SS security section and the 'protector' of Czechoslovakia. Libor Holik, mayor of the municipality, said: 'I had a chance to talk with Heider Heydrich in order to put the chateau into its original shape. WebBirthdate: December 28, 1934. None of Hitlers lieutenants did more to realize the Final Solution than Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich. German documents suggest that Hitler intended to transfer him to German-occupied France where the French resistance was gaining ground. 3. Both villages were razed; the men and boys age 14 and above were shot and most of the women and children were deported and murdered in Nazi concentration camps. The dismissal devastated Heydrich, who found himself without career prospects.[5]. The junction in the Prague suburb of Libe was well suited for the attack because motorists have to slow for a hairpin bend. [4] He was one of the main architects of the Holocaust during the early war years, answering to and taking orders from only Hitler, Gring, and Himmler in all matters pertaining to the deportation, imprisonment, and extermination of Jews. Kubi, who had not been spotted by Heydrich or Klein, threw a converted anti-tank mine at the car as it stopped, which landed against the rear wheel. Omissions? He was baptized a Roman Catholic. [13], In recognition of her husband's service to the Nazi cause, Hitler gave to Lina the country estate of Jungfern-Breschan in rural Bohemia. [103], Heydrich was, for all intents and purposes, military dictator of Bohemia and Moravia. Sensing an opportunity to strike a blow at both the Soviet Army and Admiral Canaris of Germany's Abwehr, Heydrich decided that the Soviet officer should be "unmasked". He learned the piano and violin by the time he was six years old. That a man as irreplaceable as Heydrich should expose himself to unnecessary danger, I can only condemn as stupid and idiotic. The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline. [11], Their fourth child, a daughter named Marte (born 23 July 1942) was born shortly after Reinhard Heydrich's death. [84] For each prisoner, the SD had to fill in a questionnaire that listed personal information, country of origin, and the details of their crimes against the Reich. Thereafter, all adults in Leky were murdered. We all have to dance to the tune which is already on the drum.[134]. He was promoted to SS-Obergruppenfhrer und General der Polizei on 24 September 1941. [144] Lina wrote a memoir, Leben mit einem Kriegsverbrecher (Living With a War Criminal), which was published in 1976. [63] Himmler immediately reorganised the police into two groups: the Ordnungspolizei (Order Police; Orpo), consisting of both the national uniformed police and the municipal police, and the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police; SiPo), consisting of the Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police; Gestapo) and Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police; Kripo). [6] Lina ignored this message, packed Reinhard's suitcase, and sent him to Munich. [43] Information on thousands of people was recorded on index cards and stored at the Brown House. WebFamily portrait of Reinhard Heydrich, his wife Lina, and their daughter Silke, all of whom sit on the floor. Heydrich had four children Klaus (born 17 June 1933) died in a traffic accident in Jungfern-Breschan on 24 October 1943 Heider (born 28 December 1934 - died in July 2007) Silke (born 9 April 1939) Marte (born 23 [101] More than 100,000 workers were removed from "unsuitable" jobs and conscripted by the Ministry of Labour. The Czech lands were an important industrial zone for the German military, and indiscriminate killing could reduce the region's productivity. In 1965, she met Finnish theatre director Mauno Manninen while she was on a holiday trip to Finland. Conditions in Prague and the rest of the Czech lands were relatively peaceful under Heydrich, and industrial output increased. The games were used to promote the propaganda aims of the Nazi regime. [155][156][157], Heydrich's replacements were Ernst Kaltenbrunner as the chief of RSHA,[139] and Karl Hermann Frank (2728 May 1942) and Kurt Daluege (28 May 1942 14 October 1943) as the new acting Reichsprotektors. 1904-4. Lina Heydrich (born Lina Mathilde von Osten; June 14, 1911 August 14, 1985) was the wife of assassinated SS-Obergruppenfhrer Reinhard Heydrich, a central figure in Nazi Germany. Even by the low standards of high-ranking Nazi officials, Heydrich was a monstrous human being. The Butcher of Prague: 7 Facts About the Life of Nazi Reinhard Heydrich. Even so, Heydrich privately engaged SD member Ernst Hoffmann to further investigate and dispel the rumours. Reinhard Heydrich. An entire village, Lidice, where the commandos were falsely alleged to have received help, was decimated. Eberstein met Heydrich at the train station and took him to see Himmler. 1 Miembro de la Schutzstaffel, obtuvo el rango de SS-Oberfhrer, y fue un protegido personal de Hermann Gring. Heinrich Mller was the Gestapo's operations chief. He was directly responsible for the Einsatzgruppen, the special task forces that travelled in the wake of the German armies and murdered more than two million people by mass shooting and gassing, including 1.3million Jews. The comments below have been moderated in advance. WebEberstein played a part in the first meeting of the two major leaders of both the SS and later the Holocaust: Reinhard Heydrich and Heinrich Himmler. [16] These rumours increased after his maternal uncle Hans Krantz married a Hungarian Jew named Iza Jarmy. [163][164] While in Norway, Heydrich also organized the arrests of political opponents and arranged for a contingent of 200 SiPo and SD men to be stationed in several major cities. [46] Gercke reported that Heydrich was "of German origin and free from any coloured and Jewish blood". He excelled in his schoolwork at the secular "Reformgymnasium", especially in the sciences. The attacks were carried out by SA stormtroopers and civilians and presaged the Holocaust. He led a brutal regime against the people, executing and arresting thousands and sending many to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp. Highly-rated NFL prospect Will Levis puts MAYO in his coffee and eats overripe bananas with the skin ON, PICTURED: Glamorous trader's wife, 32, who blames the ROAD for her 100MPH fatal DWI crash into man who was catapulted 30ft by her Porsche as he walked with his OK Cupid date, 'I'm going to hit the roof with excitement! He was the director of the music conservatory in Halle, which he had founded in 1901. [126], On 27 May 1942, Heydrich planned to meet Hitler in Berlin. [17] She spoke with several authors, sent in letters of correction to many newspapers, and defended the reputation of her first husband until her own death at the age of 74 on 14 August 1985 in Fehmarn.[12]. Heydrich's third name, "Eugen", was his late maternal grandfather's forename (Eugen Krantz had been the director of the Dresden Royal Conservatory). [94] The terror also served to paralyse resistance in society, with public and widespread reprisals by the Nazis against any action resisting German rule. [139] The exact burial spot is no longer public knowledgea temporary wooden marker that disappeared when the Red Army overran the city in 1945 was never replaced, so that Heydrich's grave could not become a rallying point for Neo-Nazis. On the afternoon of Tuesday, January 20, 1942, Chief of Security Police and the SD, Reinhard Heydrich, telephoned his superior, Reichsfhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler.He had much to tell him. [38] He set up office at the Brown House, the Nazi Party headquarters in Munich. He improved his index-card system, creating categories of offenders with colour-coded cards. [46] Wilhelm Canaris said he had obtained copies of documents proving Heydrich's Jewish ancestry. Moment commuter blasts eco-zealots, Royal superfans camping on The Mall ahead of King's Coronation, Historic chairs to be reused by the King for the coronation service, Hundreds of Household Division members rehearse for coronation, Russian freight train derails and bursts into flames after explosion, Women's rights activists and pro-trans campaigners separated, Cambridge students party in the park during annual celebrations, Moment bull suffers catastrophic injuries after leaping from bridge, LGBTQ+ supporters demand Ryan Webb resign at council meeting, Braverman: People crossing Channel are 'at odds with British values'. They were born into a wealthy and cultured household. [95][96][97], In March 1942, further sweeps against Czech cultural and patriotic organisations, the military, and the intelligentsia resulted in the practical paralysis of the London-based Czech resistance. Their mother was the daughter of the head of the Royal Conservatory of Dresden. He explained, "Making this Czech garbage into Germans must give way to methods based on racist thought."[92]. [128][129] After Kubi fled, Heydrich ordered Klein to chase Gabk on foot, and Gabk shot Klein in the leg before escaping. [57] The purge became known as the Night of the Long Knives. The decision by Heider Heydrich, his son, to help rebuild the dilapidated castle in Panenske Brezany, near Prague, where he once lived has provoked fury. At this point, the SS was still part of the SA, the early Nazi paramilitary organisation which now numbered over 3 million men. Eventually an entrance was made using explosives. Both towns were burned and Lidice's ruins were levelled. Heydrich, initially a frail and sickly youth, was encouraged by his parents to exercise to build up his strength. [101] Food rations and free shoes were distributed, pensions were increased, and (for a time) free Saturdays were introduced. And experts warn it's becoming a familiar tale across America, Cristiano Ronaldo side's Al Nassr forced to deny claims that their former president said he felt 'CHEATED' by the Portuguese star's $200m-a-year move just two days after his resignation, 'Fox News is going to regret the decision': Tucker Carlson's neighbors in his quaint Maine town rally round the firebrand known locally as a 'modest, pickup truck-driving, good guy' who likes to fish and chop wood, Terrifying moment wrestler, 41, in 'no holds barred match' sets himself on FIRE in botched fireball stunt - as witness says 'you could smell the flesh', The 2023 Met Gala: Everything you need to know about the exclusive bash, from the A-list guest list to what time it starts, Euphoria bombshell Sydney Sweeney seen WITHOUT her engagement ring as romance rumors swirl with Top Gun star Glen Powell - after her fianc was seen leaving LA home with the dog bed, DeSantis talks China, Ukraine, and COVID cruise ships docking in Florida with British Foreign Secretary: Governor makes final stop on world tour after recovering from THAT car-crash 'bobblehead' interview, First Republic shares plunge 50% to new record low as report claims bank will 'most likely' be seized by FDIC regulators if urgent government-brokered rescue talks fail, Hunter Biden's baby mama accuses First Son of posing as a 'destitute' artist to lower child support while deploying stable of lawyers and vacuuming up perks and loans from rich pals - as court showdown looms, Biden's approval sinks to the LOWEST of his presidency at 37% amid a report White House aides 'struggle to the 80-year-old do events in the morning or evening' because of his age, Hunter Biden whistleblowers are 'scared to death to come forward' and 'fear for their lives' because President's son's lawyers are 'threatening them', top Republican reveals, Waking up at 7, working out at 8 and avoiding public events in the morning, at night and on weekends: Inside 80-year-old Biden's schedule - that includes a nightly call with Hunter, Lori Vallow's murder trial jury is shown horrifying photos of Chad Daybell's wife lying dead on their bed with bloody foam coming out of her mouth and bruises on her arms - two weeks before he wed cult mom in Hawaii, NFL reporter makes awkward on-air slip- up as she describes Philadelphia Eagles new boy Jalen Carter as a 'big d***' during the draft, Photo Meghan 'never wanted the world to see': Unseen snap of younger Duchess is shared ahead of 'explosive' interview with her estranged father and siblings, Another jab to the face of common sense: CDC sticks with COVID vaccine requirement for travelers coming to US - a policy that's had NO effect on transmission rates, Breakfast of champions! [12] Lina wanted to have the driver and all passengers shot, but the investigation found the driver not guilty. [61] His wife, Lina, had already done so the year before. the planned total measures are to be kept strictly secret the first prerequisite for the final aim ("Endziel") is the concentration of the Jews from the countryside into the larger cities. [10] Two of his forenames were musical references: "Reinhard" referred to the hero from his father's opera Amen, and "Tristan" stems from Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde. Several Czechs were killed, and the remainder hid in the church's crypt. [93] Their names appeared on posters throughout the occupied country. Newspapers have carried strong editorials decrying his 'insensitivity' at wanting to restore a place 'from where orders for the deaths of thousands were given'. [39] At first he had to share an office and typewriter with a colleague, but by 1932 Heydrich was earning 290 Reichsmarks a month (equivalent to 1,191 in 2021), a salary he described as "comfortable". Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Admiral Erich Raeder dismissed Heydrich from the navy that April. [28] Heydrich married Lina in December 1931. The government had previously declined to pay due to Heydrich's role in the Holocaust. WebCzech Agents who had trained in Great Britain parachuted into German-occupied Czech territory to assassinate SS General Reinhard Heydrich in Prague.. Heydrich was the chief of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) in Berlinthe SS and police agency most directly concerned with implementing the Holocaust during World War II. [99], As Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, Heydrich applied carrot-and-stick methods. He often drove alone in a car with an open roof a show of his confidence in the occupation forces and in his government's effectiveness. [8] Lina later stated that Reinhard Heydrich never read Hitler's book, Mein Kampf. After the death of his brother, Heinz Heydrich helped Jews escape the Holocaust. We see Heydrich from his rarefied musical family origins and his ugly-duckling childhood and adolescence, to his sudden flameout as a promising In early 1936, Heydrich left the Catholic Church in favour of the Gottglubig movement. [19] Heydrich, then 15 years old, joined Maercker's Volunteer Rifles (a paramilitary Freikorps unit).