True or False? Determining workload and planning the scope of facilities and manpower needs, particularly for chronic disease. Direct and Indirect. An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred after an epidemiology department luncheon, which was attended by 485 faculty and staff. The prevalence of the exposure in the population, A casual association between factor and outcome can refer to. Three hundred people are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. The highest rate is clearly among children 4 years old and younger. After directly standardizing these figures by age, the rate for the rural town changed to 8 per 1,000, and the rate in the large city changed to 12 per 1,000. Measures of lifestyle (smoking prevalence, mean per capita intake of calories, annual sales of alcohol and number of memberships in health clubs), An example of passive follow-up in cohort studies is, Collection and maintenance of data by the federal government. The 2009-2010 episode of influenza first identified in the United States and eventually called 2009 H1N1 influenza was classified as a pandemic by WHO in summer 2009, True or False? An attack rate is an alternative incidence rate that is used when: True or False? Methods to assess seasonal effects in epidemiological studies of Descriptive epidemiology has the following characteristics (Choose the incorrect option): Allows casual inference from descriptive data. most appropriate measure is the: For a chronic disease of low incidence and long duration, prevalence of the Changes in exposure to infectious agents, A null hypothesis is most similar to which of the following. False True or False: An abrupt drop in mortality due to specific disease from one year to the next is most likely due to: A change in the International Classification of Disease. lack of participation in risk reduction programs. Researchers establish 50 units as a cut point above which a test is considered positive and thereby indicative of disease. The 1918 Influenza or Spanish Flu Pandemic, also known as "the Mother of All What does the phrase "health disparities" mean to you and how does Unfortunately, COVID-19 has taken millions of lives. Physical environmental factors in the natural history of disease include weather, temperature, and biologic components. Describe what is known about COVID-19 epidemiology. False. The crude death rate for suicide in a rural town is 12 per 1,000. What type of study is preferred for assessing rare diseases? Choose the incorrect answer. Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may reflect This measure of effect is influenced by: 1. The strategy which is not aimed at reducing selection bias is: standardized protocol for structured interviews. Skills Check 2 - Neuro Lab, Functional Neurol. The three historical figures that I found most interesting in our textbook were Alexander True or False? How much did the death rate due to I & P decline? Men are more likely to be diagnosed with What part of the disease cycle is he or she trying to affect? and control efforts. What are the two methods to adjust for age? C. long-term changes in mortality trends. Which of the following activities characterizes an epidemiologic approach (as opposed to a clinical approach)? Large international variations in rates of infectious and communicable diseases as well as other conditions are most likely explained by: The use of GIS may be thought of as following the heritage of: Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may reflect: Marital status is an important descriptive epidemiologic variable because it is: The descriptive epidemiologic variable AGE is related to: Reasons for gender differences in mortality may include: True or False? When applied in a group of hospitalized patients diagnosed as having virus X infections, the test is found to have a positive predictive value of 85%. Incidence is often expressed as a rate per unit of population and time (e., per 100, Antigenicity of an infectious agent is measured by the secondary attack rate. Public Health Nursing: Ch. 13 Flashcards | Quizlet True or False? A major advantage of cohort studies over case-control studies with respect to the role of a suspected factor in the etiology of a disease is that: They permit direct estimation of risk of disease in those exposed to the suspected factor. The resultant data are: Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their pregnancies. In a survey which uses lay interviewers to interview one person about his or her health and the health of household members, the sources of error include: -the person with disease has had no symptoms and is not aware of the disease. The results of selective service examinations. shows that the prevalence of a disease is influenced by both the incidence of new cases Indicate by choosing the appropriate option whether the use is for incidence or prevalence data. True The reservoir for Q fever is infected livestock, e.g., cattle, sheep, or goats. Which of the following terms is expressed as a ratio (as distinguished from a proportion)? True or false? Patients are usually under 40-years of age at presentation and there are no apparent differences in incidence or . Sixty-five people had fever and diarrhea, five of these people were severely affected. What is known as "the Mother of All Pandemics." In the majority of cases, cyclic CS is caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma, but it can also be due to ectopic ACTH production or an adrenal adenoma. An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year: The proportional mortality ratio (%) due to roller-skating was: Incidence and prevalence data have different applications in public health. The study of diseases linked to harmful physical energy, such as ionizing. Descriptive Epidemiology Quiz Q&A's Flashcards | Quizlet Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew the fact that influenza is a disappearing disorder. The term health disparities refers to differences in health characteristics (e.g., mortality and burden of disease) that exist among specific U.S. population groups. The RR for incidence of measles was 0.75 and the RR for measles mortality was 0.5. Developmental problems such as congenital birth defects occur primarily late in Based on your understanding of foods that potentially are capable of transmitting salmonella, the most likely source of the outbreak was. 4. increased costs of the screening test. means that at any given time, 0% of the population would be living with the disease. rapidly spreading condition. Incidence may be increasing over time and cyclical variation in disease may reflect an infectious etiology. The relative risk of dying for a smoker compared to a non-smoker is, 10.1 for lung cancer and 1.4 for coronary thrombosis, An epidemiologic experiment is performed in which one group is exposed to a suspected factor and the other is not. Beach City has a rising population of 500,000 robust, fertile males and 450,000 robust, fertile females. Host factors in the causation of disease include: True or False? The water source responsible for causing an outbreak of disease X is unknown. Availability of the data 3. Incidence is a measure of the risk of developing the disease in the True or False? and when did it happen? - Pasteurization of milk - Primary prevention passive This factor X could have confounded your interpretation of the data if it, Is a factor associated with physical activity and heart disease. Subsequent laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an additional 72 cases. HSA 535 FINAL EXAM PART II 1 Cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza mortality may reflect 2 Which of the following activities characterizes an epidemiologic approach (as opposed to a clinical approach)? For each characteristic, explain how it is associated with the distribution of health life. Sex/gender have a wide scope of health phenomena. Many ionic compounds contain either aluminum (a Group 3A metal) or a metal from Group 1A or Group 2A and a nonmetal-oxygen, nitrogen, or a halogen (Group 7 A). Six persons experienced vomiting. The type of surveillance used to control the Ebola outbreak in Kikwit? The incidence of a disease is five times greater in men than in women, but the prevalence shows no sex difference. obesity. Which source of bias may have affected the study? Check out a sample Q&A here Assume everyone ate the same food items. John Graunt is known as the Columbus of biostatistics. a. vitamin-containing coenzyme; glucose b. ATP; ADP c. glucose; oxygen d. glucose; vitamin-containing coenzyme. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease among clinic attendees is 10%. True or False? An example of operations research is using epidemiology to plan the placement of health services in a community. The person with disease has had no symptoms and is not aware of the disease 2. How can they improve the sensitivity of the test? 4 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published an article concerning the high rate of foot fungal disease in New Orleans. All individuals with an odd hospital admission number are assigned to the second group. seasonal variations in cases of influenza. (Get Answer) - Question 1 Cyclic variations in the occurrence of A form of reactivity whereby subjects improve or modify an aspect of their behavior being experimentally measured simply in response to the fact that they know they are being studied, not in response to any particular experimental manipulation is an example of what? A group of physicians review 15 cases of disease never seen before all with similar symptoms and treatments. cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza mortality may reflect: seasonal variations in cases of influenza. prevalence = incidence x duration. Subsequent laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an additional 72 cases. Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may reflect what? Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may reflect: Selected answer - E - all of the above Selected answer - E - all of the above 16. Used in cohort studies, the relative risk is a measure of the strength of association between a possible risk factor and a disease. Epi test 1 Flashcards | Chegg.com Aims of descriptive epidemiology - Permit evaluation of trends in health and disease - Provide a basis for planning, provision, and evaluation of health services - Identify problems to be studied by analytic methods and suggest areas that may be fruitful for investigation U.S. infants born in 2012 who were exclusively breastfed: About 43% of infants were breastfed during their first 3 months . One of the charges, (q1=+8.5C)isatx1=+3.0cm\left( q _ { 1 } = + 8.5 \mu \mathrm { C } \right) \text { is at } x _ { 1 } = + 3.0 \mathrm { cm } Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may reflect: Selected Answers: Changes in the risk-taking behavior of persons Correct Answers: Changes in exposure to infectious agents Changes in the risk-taking behavior of persons Changes in temporary stressors. Prevalence is the number of existing cases of a disease or health condition at a increasing the number of persons who are classified as abnormal iv. -Pandemic- refers to an epidemic on a worldwide scale; during a pandemic, large This formula shows that the prevalence of a disease is There has been an increase in the number of epidemiologic studies reported in medical journals because: they interest the public and physicians concerned with preventive medicine. The attack rate of salmonellosis was: True or False? The purpose of the washout period is to reinforce the carryover effect, Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials may include, Reduce error that results from assignment to study conditions. Determination of the incubation period for a disease outbreak helps to: The first case of a disease to come to the attention of the authorities, Physical components, Social components, Economic components, An animate, living insect or animal that is involved with the transmission of disease agents, An immunity the host has developed as a result of a natural infection with a microbial agent or acquired from an injection of a vaccine that contains an antigen, Immunity that is acquired from antibodies produce by another person or animal, human beings, animals, insects, soils, or plants, The units of analysis are populations or groups of people rather than individuals. Americans have a higher incidence of hypertension than whites, even at an early age Descriptive epidemiology characterizes the amount and distribution of disease within a population and enables the researcher to: True or False? Age-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates by sex in the United States generally show the following sex differences: Rates for males are higher than rates for females from birth to age 85 and older. Environmental and occupational health problems are a specialization of epidemiology. In the Yearly Mortality Bill for 1632, consumption referred to: The relationship between prevalence and incidence can be understood through a simple The best evidence to determine which suspected water supply is responsible would be: The attack rates for disease X in those who did and did not drink from each water supply. High rates of mortality from hypertension found among African Americans may What factor(s) would most likely account for this increased cancer rate? Exposure to these viruses in each community confers permanent immunity. Cyclic variations in the dynamics of flu incidence in Azerbaijan, 1976 efforts. geographical region. what do they mean? Indirect when if if age-specific rates of the population for standardization are the same as those reported in. particularly for chronic disease: The fundamental tool for etiologic studies of both acute and chronic diseases: The incidence of a disease is five times greater in men than in women, but the Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may reflect: 1.