Pandemics, sudden swings in global liquidity and commodity prices, and extreme weather disasters were once tail-end risks. India's child malnutrition levels nearly double those of sub-Saharan Africa; one in ten Pakistani Social and Political Issues in South Asia Final Version Jan 29 A participant at the 2018 World Nomad Games at Kyrchyn Gorge, Kyrgyzstan. IN SOUTH ASIA Extreme climate-related events - heatwaves, storms, floods, fires and droughts - affect more than half of the region's population every year and continue to burden South Asian countries economies. Using cross-country regressions and aggregate indicators of poverty, health, education and gender parity outcomes, we offer ~o hc}0`SctnEKjkf|;5SLg0]{7{rRr^"z1asq1vp[WDG5)2?,=Ma;M),n^\e}H V Children of South Asian immigrants may face challenges associated with the pressure of straddling two different worlds. However, the later phase of the pandemic has highlighted the crucial role migration can play in facilitating recovery. In Sri Lanka, the period of victory over the LTTE and its aftermath saw autocratization under the rule of the Rajapaksa family, a trend that changed when a new government came to power in 2015. Pakistan is reported at factor cost. The second is in Indias Northeast, the site of numerous revolts since the 1950s. It is seen that modernization, democratization, political ideologies and emergence of mass societies threatened the personal and collective identities and the advancement in information systems have sustained peoples struggles against the dominant world view of the State and elites. To learn more about cookies, click here. key challenges for the future of And in Nepal, a Maoist insurgency fought its way into a stalemate with Nepals security forces by 2005. Source: World Nomad Games 2018 / R.Iliasov. Its constitution recognizes twenty-two languages, and its population is bigger than Africas. It is based on conversations that took place at the Our Future is Public conferencein Santiago, Chile, in 2022, and is part of the movements critical response to- and reflections on the UN 2023 WaterConference. SOJOURN is published twice a year, in April and October. Plunged into its worst-ever economic crisis, Sri Lankas real GDP is expected to fall by 9.2 percent this year and a further 4.2 percent in 2023. Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress. There has been a dramatic transformation of Pakistans security environment since the height of the TTPs power. The TAF2020 exercise highlighted six important ways in which Asia is changing, and where we need to apply all of our resources, analytical skills, partnership -- Volume 21, Number 1, April 2006. Crucially, however, this resurgence of state coercive power remains contested: while a new era of powerful states untroubled by internal competitors may have begun, there are reasons to be cautious. SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in Southeast Asia. In this context, the paper analyses the contestations of social movements in the South Asia from a view point of contentious politics in the region. How Do Californias Asian Americans View U.S. Foreign Policy? GDP measured in 2015 prices and market exchange rates. 2023 Project MUSE. It also helps adjust to shocks such as climate events to which South Asias rural poor are particularly vulnerable, said Hans Timmer, World Bank Chief Economist for South Asia. Being a homeland of number of caste and ethnic groups, the ways and process of how the social movements interact with contentious politics (and vice-versa) have been still less theorized empirically in the Asian societies. From 2006 to 2009, government forces and the LTTE waged an extremely intense, mostly conventional conflict with extensive human rights abuses. Asians are less likely than Americans overall to live in poverty (10% vs. 13% as of 2019). India is so large and diverse that it seems to be more a continent than a country. 0000001283 00000 n In India and Sri Lanka, mob violence and vigilantism have occurred with the connivance or tacit neglect of leading political parties. Finally, domestic political instability can provide both opportunity and motivation for insurgency. In a complex, changing, and increasingly contested world, the Carnegie Endowment generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and safeguard peace. Washington, DC 20036-2103. Create a free account and access your personalized content collection with our latest publications and analyses. Yet by 2020, the state is ascendant in South Asia. Job Discrimination Since the end of the Korean War, the Korean economy In the nearly three decades since their independence, the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia have drifted from Russian influence. To estimate regional aggregates in the calendar year, fiscal year data is converted to calendar year data by taking the average of two consecutive fiscal years for Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Pakistan at 2015 constant US$, for which quarterly GDP data are not available. How mental health issues get stigmatized in South Asian -- Volume 25, Number 2, October 2010, Editorial Board The figures show that in J&K and the Northeast, the late 1990s and early 2000s saw intense conflict. Afghanistan is not producing national accounts statistics since August 2021, so they are excluded from the table. qQa]6KJ4biYYtbubq>C)-,V~#h[ }06cc8 Ve[o~?ph (4)lUx\X Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka became the worlds first female prime minister in 1960; her daughter, Chandrika Kumaratunga, also became both prime minister and president. The TTP was badly damaged by escalating military crackdowns between 2009 and 2014, most dramatically in the 2014 Zarb-e-Azb offensive. 0000043115 00000 n Top 4 issues for South Asias millennials - World A 16 year old boy prepares to marry a young girl in Indore, India, on May 15, 2002, despite a government ban on under-age nuptials. 0000001688 00000 n First, violence suppression is not the same as conflict resolution. These simmering conflicts can always increase in intensity if underlying political conflicts endure. At the same time, violence in Karachi, insurgency in Balochistan, and sectarian militia activities added further layers of violence to Pakistans political landscape. Happily, however, the Sino-Indian relations are on an The analysis presented will contribute to defining Americas Role in Asia. Although You are leaving the website for the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy and entering a website for another of Carnegie's global centers. In less than a decade, for example, India is projected to overtake China as the worlds most populous country. startxref Yet, their governments seem to have not fully prioritized combating these challenges. While economic distress is weighing down all South Asian countries, some are coping better than others. Exports and the services sector in India, the regions largest economy, have recovered more strongly than the world average while its ample foreign reserves served as a buffer to external shocks. But since the Soviet Unions collapse in 1991, Russian language instruction in schools has substantially decreased, Russian media is now hard to come by, and many of Central Asias younger generations are instead opting today to pursue the languages of rising powers like China. India, for example, is more populous than all of North America and Europe combined. Two prominent causes of family conflict arise when South Asian adolescents and young adults wish to start dating or pursue a career that is discerned to be unacceptable by the parents. There is not a clear partisan dynamic in these changes. Having beaten back this challenge, the Pakistan Army has emerged as an even more influential force. These approaches to therapy are difficult to translate across language and cultures without appropriate modification. In another film, PK, an alien wanders around India confused by the countrys variousand seemingly incompatiblereligions. The three big issues facing East Asia | World Economic Forum While trying to fit into a western society that prides itself on individual expression, they may find themselves navigating a culture at home where personal boundaries are blurred, and self-identity is determined by the validation of their family and community. endstream endobj 80 0 obj <>stream Immigrants from Mexico (7%) and Central America (11%) were the least likely to have a bachelors or higher. -- Volume 36, Number 1, March 2021, Editorial Board The Assam Rifles (AR), a specialized force in the Northeast, has grown much more modestly but still expanded. Bollywoodthe word is a spin on Hollywood and what many people outside India think of as synonymous with the Indian Film industryis just the Hindi cinema industry based primarily in Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay). During this time, the regions economies have also developed rapidly, lifting hundreds of millions of South Asians out of poverty and making it possible for them to live longer and healthier lives. Yet there are reasons to be cautious in concluding that there has been an irreversible transformation. Held every two years, the Olympics-style gathering boasts over forty sports, including horseback archery, golden eagle hunting, bone tossing, seventeen types of wrestling, high-speed yurt-building, dog racing, and kok boru, a game in which horse-mounted players throw a headless goat carcass into a large goal. HS1WRtqmf"g/Ugh+3T*{q`U?o>)Tn0XL&)ZOrST=_7:[rchll^b. -- Volume 27, Number 1, April 2012, Editorial Board 167.172.145.158 Finally, an insurgency grinds on in Balochistan, where a welter of Baloch rebels fights in an area of growing strategic and resource importance, including a Chinese presence linked to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). WebContemporary South Asia (1992), 1(1), 143-146 Commentary Challenges and opportunities for South Asia M. B. NAQVI The destruction of both communism and the Soviet state in what was the USSR has profoundly changed the geopolitical environment of South Asia. HTMk1tFO(cIJc% Other film industries include Tollywood for Telugu-language films and Sandalwood for Kannada-language films. Dragons and Tigers is the only textbook that covers all three regions South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia in one textbook. On average, people are living over twenty years longer compared to half a century ago. Exports and the services sector in India, the regions largest economy, have recovered more strongly than the world average while its ample foreign reserves served as a buffer to external shocks. High-quality, standards-aligned classroom resources, lesson plans, teaching inspiration, and professional development opportunitiesall inspired by our mission that Global Civics is essential for twenty-first century citizenship. People and Society - South & Central Asia | World101 0000006899 00000 n Second, the increasingly volatile international politics of the region may provide new incentives for governments to support armed groups across borders, tapping into preexisting conflicts and grievances. This systematic review and meta-analysis report the pooled prevalence of CMDs among the South Asian countries. 0000042912 00000 n And Nepal has reduced its maternal mortality by more than 70 percent since 1990 through government and donor-supported investments in education, free child-delivery services, and improvements to road infrastructure, which allow mothers to more easily reach health clinics in the mountains and hills. Here are some of the problems, and some things you personally can do The state is resurgent, and insurgencies have been eliminated or contained. Life expectancy in South Asia has risen dramatically over the past fifty years. In Bangladesh, regime repression of dissent and of opposition movements have been commonplace. In all of these cases, anti-state violence is now below its twenty-first-century peak. As the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia have drifted from Russia, they have looked to their own past to forge, or reassert, post-Soviet national identities. 0000003857 00000 n Although reports of some degree of sanctuary in China and possible tacit support for rebels have grown in recent years, there has not been a return to the levels of the past. Yet as Sri Lankas experience in the 1950s and 1980s vividly suggests, mob violence can harden political cleavages and trigger escalation beyond the control of its political patrons. The Indian Army also has an important presence in J&K and the Northeast, contributing to a vast security footprint that can suppress insurgent violence. HTM0Wj|4,t5LG$};LV$!u~Izke@F(/_z2f:TD&P^GJ,&A)Q)mrv8VVQEb 0000033263 00000 n High commodity prices also worsened Pakistans external imbalances, bringing down its reserves. Poverty rates among U.S.-born and foreign-born Asians were 9% and 11%, respectively, that year. There is a strong need for culturally sound therapy. The Depth of Taboo: Social Issues in South Asia This follows growth of 7.8 percent in 2021, when most countries were rebounding from the Existing violence data is not adequate to make fine-grained claims: it is likely that official records undercount civilian deaths, and both media and government reports can be highly unreliable in their distinctions between civilians and militants. To this day, money sent back home by these migrant workers accounts for as much as a third of some countries economies. Firstly, cutting the costs migrants face should be high on the policy agenda. Immigrant Asians were slightly more likely than U.S.-born Asians to be homeowners in 2019 (60% vs. 56%). Several factors have worked to reduce insurgent violence against the Indian state. -- Volume 30, Number 3, November 2015, Editorial Board Third, even noninsurgent violence has the potential to spiral into broader conflict. get ideas into movement. The third is a sprawling belt in central and eastern India where various Maoist insurgent groups (known as Naxalites) have been operating for decades. Regions of the World. Following critical discourse analysis, the paper concludes that the social movements has been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. -- Volume 36, Number 3, November 2021, Editorial Board WebSocial and political issues LGBT communities. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia There are various currents of social movements, today, across the region, which have become strengthened and highly vocal over last three decades. There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, High Population Density Makes Region Vulnerable to Climate, Health Challenges, Projected Populations for India and China. hTn0E|,[um)Bj,CM=!E*. In nutshell, although having a century long background of various social movements, South Asia is undergoing a burgeoning phase of social movements transformation, which is outcome of the various factors including reluctantly changing state structure vis--vis social development, rights regime, marginalization, and conflict resolutions. WebHowever, current and recent conflicts, inequality and social exclusion (due to age, gender, race and ethnicity) are threatening the value of this diversity and limiting freedom of expression. endstream endobj 79 0 obj <>stream Unlike in the other countries examined here, large-scale anti-state insurgency has not been a major feature of Bangladeshs politics in the last two decades; a 1997 peace deal with the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti, a political party formed to represent the Indigenous peoples in the eastern Chittagong Hill Tracts, marked the end of a classical insurgency. To encourage culturally sensitive therapy, mental health professionals must actively make an effort in understanding their clients cultural background and belief system through continued education and consultation with colleagues from a similar cultural background. In parts of Pakistan, nearly one-third of all primary schoolaged girls are not in school. Following seven decades of Soviet rule, these newly independent countries are reasserting their distinct national identities through events such as the World Nomad Games, where traditional sports like horseback archery, golden eagle hunting, and high-speed yurt-building are on full display. 0000002992 00000 n From 2002 to 2006, there was a ceasefire before brief, ill-fated negotiations that collapsed back into pitched warfare. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, anti-state rebellions were an endemic feature of South Asias political landscape. Challenging South Asias Toxic Patriarchy Through Podcasts The governments of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistanthe three richest and most populous countries in the regionwill also transition their languages away from the Russian Cyrillic script to Englishs Latin alphabet by 2025. Infrastructure Lags in Regions Megacities, Government Policies in South Asia Lead to Gains in Life Expectancy, Bangladesh: Sanitation Service Access vs. Without cookies your experience may not be seamless. Meanwhile, Bangladeshanother neighboraccommodates a population over half the size of the United States in an area the size of Iowa. Socio-Economic Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic in South South 0000002289 00000 n Yet a peace process emerged that eventually led to the CPN-Ms demobilization and the Maoists incorporation into mainstream electoral politics. And these challenges will likely become more severe as the regions population continues to balloon. Nevertheless, a large security presence has been established in Tamil areas, justified by the specter of resurgent revolt, and state forces have not been held accountable for past human rights abuses. Removing restrictions to labor mobility is vital to the regions resilience and its long-term development.. The mass migration of workers to Russia has slowed the economic development of Central Asian countries, incentivizing generation after generation to leave the country; this trend creates a negative feedback loop.